1. Warm Up: How did the division of the Roman Empire help/hurt the Eastern Empire?

2. Byzantium The Eastern Roman Empire Continues

4. Constantinople Capital of Eastern Roman Empire after it split in 3 rd century AD Located on Bosporus Strait, which linked Mediterranean and Black Seas Controlled key trading routes linking Europe and Asia

6. Golden Horn Bosporus Strait Black Sea Sea of Marmara

7. Advantages of Constantinople Closer to Silk Road than Rome  Crossroads of trade—Europe, Asia, Africa Had stronger military than Rome Easier to defend from outside enemies Easily fortified site on a peninsula bordering natural harbor More prosperous than Rome

8. Constantinople Blend of Greek, Roman and Persian cultures.

9. Justinian 527-565 Tried to restore united Roman Empire Prevented German barbarians from moving eastward Built Hagia Sophia, also called Saint Sophia) Justinian’s Code— Corpus Juris Civilis

10. Hagia Sophia

13. Age of Justinian Used diplomacy to defeat empire’s enemies Organized all Roman laws into Justinian Code Ruled as autocrat (dictator) Was regarded as a spiritual as well as political authority

14. Role of Theodora Wife of Justinian Actress More involved in politics than any other empress Women’s Rights Rebels Attack-refuses to leave

15. Theodora

16. Byzantine Achievements Large well-trained bureaucracy Efficient army and navy Strong trade-based economy with high standard of living Powerful Church with influence throughout the Balkans and Russia Preservation of classical (Greco-Roman) learning in monasteries Magnificent works of art (icons and mosaics)

17. Features of Byzantine Art Icons, mosaics, churches Religious subject matter Dark palette (green, gold, brown, dark red or orange) Stylized faces, large eyes

18. Icons Powerful religious images Thought to connect believer to image in icon Painted On wood Often decorated with gold or silver

19. Icons

20. Mosaics

22. What caused the Western and Eastern churches to split into the Roman Catholic Church and the Greek Orthodox Church? Iconoclasts 730—Emperor Leo III

23. Roman Catholicism and Orthodox Christianity Roman Catholic Latin Pope Rome Celibate Priests Icons used Orthodox Greek Patriarch Byzantium Married priests At first vs. icons, later became known for them.

24. Who divided the Roman Empire upon his death? HISTORY BINGO- as you read from the Gale net Discovering create a question for each square. When time is called take your card and find classmates who can answer your questions. They are to put their initial in the block. You may initial no more than 3 blocks per BINGO card. Be sure that you can answer the questions that you create as well as the ones that you initial. Theodosius BV

25. Conflicts in the Byzantine Era Lost Egypt and Syria to Arab invaders Seljuk Turks conquered most of Asia Minor Western Europeans attacked Constantinople during Fourth (4 th ) Crusade in 1204

26. The Rise of Russia Rus people of Kiev developed strong ties to Byzantine Empire Kievan culture was a blend of Viking and Slavic traditions Kiev

27. Black Sea Caspian Sea Kiev

28. Ukraine Kiev

29. Slavic and Viking Influences In 800s AD, Slavs settled most of Eastern Europe Vikings from Scandinavia swept into Eastern Europe at the same time as the Slavs and became important trading partners

30. Christianity in Russia Slavic people were converted to Christianity by Cyril and Methodius

31. Cyril, a monk, adapted the Greek alphabet to create a written Slavic language known as Cyrillic

32. Religion in Russia Cyrillic, written Slavic language, is still used in Russia, Bulgaria, and parts of Eastern Europe Conversion of Slavs and Russians to Christianity brought contact with Byzantine culture

33. Onion Domes

34. Where was Kievan Russia?

35. Kievan Rus Novgorod and Kiev united to form Kievan Rus under Oleg in 880 Olga—first Kievan noble to accept Eastern Orthodoxy Vladimir—grandson who adopted Christianity Yaroslav—1019—grand prince  Kievan culture reached peak  Legal code based on Justinian Code

36. Mongol Invasion of Russia Mongols, a central Asian people, ruled Russia from 1240 to 1460—destroyed Kiev Russians had to pay tribute to Mongols and acknowledge their leadership Mongols tolerated Orthodox religion. Moscow which was founded as a military outpost grew in prestige because of its relationship with the Khans Moscow became center of Orthodox Church [known as Third Rome]

38. Rise of the Czars/Tsars Ivan III [the Great]  Refuses to pay tribute to Mongols  Beginning of Muscovite Russia Ivan the IV [the Terrible]  the first tsar (czar) after Caesar  Conquered much of Russia  Limited noblemen’s power

39. Russian Imperial Double-headed Eagle

40. St. Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow

41. Eastern Europe Jewish Settlements  Jews fled to Poland to escape persecution in Western Europe  In the 1300s, Polish kings extended religious toleration to Jews

42. Poland Adopted Catholicism in 900s First polish king crowned in 1000s Constant war w/Germans, Russians, or Mongols Nobles powerful because of free veto Poland disappeared from map of Europe in 1700s

43. Map of Poland

44. Hungary Settled by Magyars in 900’s Quickly adopted Roman Catholicism Stephen I--Hungary’s first Christian king By Golden Bull of 1222, power of Hungarian monarchs was seriously limited

45. Map of Hungary

46. Serbia Settled by South Slavs in 600s First king was Stefan Dusan Successfully fought off Byzantines Conquered by Muslim Ottoman Turks at Battle of Kosovo in 1389