1. A2 Unit 4 – A Summary of Key Models

2. Degg Model (1992) SHOWS WHAT IN TERMS OF RESPONSES/PLAYERS?
Hazardous
Geophysical
Event
e.g flood or
earthquake
Vulnerable
population:
susceptible
to human
and
economic loss
Hazards become disasters when people are vulnerable
This is Dregg’s disaster model –
Use it in the exam!
No interaction of human and physical systems = no disaster
DISASTER

3. Kate’s Model (1971) Hazard Perception Spectrum
SHOWS WHAT IN TERMS OF RESPONSES/PLAYERS?

4. Park Model The Disaster Response Curve
SHOWS WHAT IN TERMS OF RESPONSES/PLAYERS?

5. Keith Smith (1992) Response Framework
Modify the Loss:
E.g.
Modify the Event:
Modify the Vulnerability:

6. The Disaster Management Cycle
SHOWS WHAT IN TERMS OF RESPONSES/PLAYERS?
What steps are taken to reduce future exposure/risk?
How ready is the community for the next event?
How quickly does the community recover?
What is the human response to the event like?

7. Response Case Studies:
HAITI (2010)
CHRISTCHURCH (2010/11)
SICHUAN (2008)
KASHMIR (2005)
JAPAN SENDAI EQ/TSUNAMI (2011)
ACEH INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI (2004)

8. Referencing Green A2 Edexcel Textbook = Degg et al. (2009)
White Hazards Book = Warn and Holmes (2008)
USGS Website = (USGS 2012)
BBC NEWS = (BBC NEWS 2011) news.bbc.co.uk
DVD = (Name of DVD, Year)
ARTICLES (VITAL) = (Petley, 2010) (Geography Review Article on Sichuan Eq) etc.

9. PLAYERS National Government Local Government
Scientists/Academics/Educators
Insurers
Planners
Relief Agencies
Engineers and Architects
Emergency Practitioners and Services
Media
Communities (bottom up)