1. 10-1 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

2. 10-2 DEPR., COST RECOVERY, AMORTIZATION, & DEPLETION  Depreciation and cost recovery  Amortization  Depletion, intangible drilling and development costs  Tax planning considerations  Compliance and procedural considerations Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

3. 10-3 Depreciation and Cost Recovery  General considerations  Depreciation methods  Calculation of depreciation  MACRS restrictions Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

4. 10-4 General Considerations System Dependent on Date Placed in Service  Prior to 1981 (pre-ACRS)  1981 through 1986 (ACRS)  1987 through present (MACRS) Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

5. 10-5 General Considerations Common Rules to All Systems  No depreciation may be claimed on land or other assets with an indefinite life  Depreciation permitted in year asset placed into service  Apply method consistently  Basis of property being depreciated reduced by amount of allowable depreciation each taxable year Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

6. 10-6 General Considerations Types of Property  Tangible Property (physical)  Intangible Property (non-physical)  Real Property  Personal Property vs. Personal-Use Property Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

7. 10-7 General Considerations Other Rules  Capitalization vs. expense  Materiality plays a role  Frequent disputes between taxpayers and IRS  Conversion of personal-use property  Basis is lesser of adjusted basis or FMV  Prevents taxpayers from depreciating non- deductible decline in value of personal asset Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

8. 10-8 Depreciation Methods MACRS – Personal Property  Use 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20 year useful life  DDB with conversion to straight-line  Half-year convention  ½ year depr in 1 st year & year disposed  Mid-Qtr convention when aggregate basis of all personal property placed into service during last 3 months of year exceeds 40%  No salvage value Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

9. 10-9 Depreciation Methods MACRS – Real Property  Residential rental property 27.5 years  Nonresidential rental property 39 years  Straight-line depreciation method  Mid-month convention in year of acquisition and year of disposition  Straight-line or Alternate Depreciation System (ADS) Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

10. 10-10 Depreciation Methods MACRS – Qualified Leasehold Improvements  Interior nonresidential improvements  15-year straight-line recovery Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

11. 10-11 Depreciation Methods MACRS – Rates for Tangible Personal Property Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

12. 10-12 Calculation of Depreciation §179 Expense  May elect to expense up to $139K for certain tangible personal property placed into service during year  $ for $ phaseout if qualified property placed into service during year >$560K  Limited to taxable ToB income  Unused portion carried over indefinitely and added future §179 amounts Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

13. 10-13 Calculation of Depreciation Bonus Depreciation  50% in 2012 on qualified property  Qualified property generally non-real estate and must be new  No ceiling on amount eligible  §179 expense claimed first in years where bonus depreciation < 100% Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

14. 10-14 Calculation of Depreciation Mid-Quarter Convention  Applies to personal property placed in service during the year  Must use mid-quarter convention for ALL property if > 40% of cost of property placed in service during last three months of year  Does NOT include property expensed under §179 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

15. 10-15 Calculation of Depreciation Year of Disposition  MACRS allows ½ of last period of depreciation to be taken in year of disposition based on convention  E.g., mid-year, mid-quarter, mid-month Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

16. 10-16 Calculation of Depreciation Comparison of MACRS and ADS Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

17. 10-17 MACRS Restrictions (1 of 3)  Portion of asset used for personal use is not depreciable  Listed property rules  Must use straight-line of business use < 50%  Recapture of excess cost-recovery if MACRS claimed and business use falls below 50% Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

18. 10-18 MACRS Restrictions (2 of 3)  Luxury automobile limitation  Passenger vehicles ≤ 6,000 lb  Depreciation can’t exceed ceiling limits  E.g., $3,160 in 1 st year  1 st year limit $11,160 in 2012 with bonus depreciation  “Luxury” auto defined by ceiling limits is any passenger vehicle costing > $16,395  $24,395 in 2012 with bonus depreciation Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

19. 10-19 MACRS Restrictions (3 of 3)  Trucks, vans, and SUVs (>6,000 lb)  Max §179 expense is $25,000  No ceiling limits like luxury autos  Trucks, vans, and SUVs (<6,000 lb)  Subject to ceiling limits  Higher than for luxury autos  Leased vehicles  Income inclusion based on IRS tables to eliminate avoiding luxury auto rules Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

20. 10-20Amortization  §197 intangibles  Research and experimental expenditures  Computer software Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

21. 10-21 §197 Intangibles  Goodwill, going concern value, trademarks, trade names, etc.  Classification and disposition of intangibles  15-year straight-line  §197 asset treated as depreciable prop so that §1231 treatment accorded disposition if held > 1 year Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

22. 10-22 Research and Experimental Expenditures  Include experimental and laboratory costs incidental to the development of a product (see Table 4)  Tax treatment options  Expense in year paid  Capitalize & amortize costs over 60 mo  Capitalize and write-off when project abandoned or is worthless Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

23. 10-23 Computer Software  Developed computer software  Cost of developing software is qualified R&E under §174  Expense immediately or  Amortize over 60 months  Separately purchased and non-§174 developed software  Straight-line depreciation over 36 months Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

24. 10-24 Depletion, Intangible Drilling and Development Costs (1 of 2)  Depletion methods  Cost depletion  Similar to units of activity depreciation  Percentage depletion  Depletion rates based on statutory percentages  Can claim depletion deductions in excess of cost over the life of the asset Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

25. 10-25 Depletion, Intangible Drilling and Development Costs (2 of 2)  Treatment of intangible drilling and development costs  Capitalized or deducted currently  Decision to expense or capitalize depends on taxpayer’s current position  Expected marginal tax rates Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

26. 10-26 Tax Planning Considerations  Alternative depreciation under MACRS  Units of production depreciation  May use instead of MACRS  Structuring a business combination  Must consider amortization of goodwill Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

27. 10-27 Compliance and Procedural Considerations  Form 4562 is used to report depreciation, §179 expense, depletion, and amortization deductions Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

28. Comments or questions about PowerPoint Slides? Contact Dr. Richard Newmark at University of Northern Colorado’s Kenneth W. Monfort College of Business richard.newmark@PhDuh.com 10-28 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall