2. GOAL 1: Appropriate Technologies developed and disseminated Objective 1.2 Appropriate management technologies for food and industrial crops developed

3.  Major Activities conducted in 2011: 1. Studies on Seedborne diseases of Tomato, Pepper, Onions and Rice 2. Development of Botanical Fungicides

4. 3. Production of Glucoamylase enzyme using native fungal species for starch hydrolysis 4. Conducted RTIMP Farmer Field Fora 5. Development of Aflatoxin Resistant Varieties of Maize

5. 6. Identifying Cassava Bacterial Blight (CBB) Resistant genotypes

6.  Student Supervision: 6 MSc. Students (Crop Science & Hort., KNUST) 2 MSc. Students (School of Agric. UCC) 2 MSc. Students (Applied Biol. ; Biochemistry, KNUST) 1 Ph.D Chemical Engineering (KNUST)

7. Seedborne Pathogens of Tomato and Pepper in Southern Ghana Agro- ecologies and Control of Diseases

8. Team: E. Moses - CSIR-CRI S. Nyarko- CSIR-CRI Z. Appiah-Kubi-CSIR-CRI

9. Introduction Farmer-saved seeds used in production (70-90 %) Promotes seedborne diseases and their transmission Inappropriate control measures and abuse of pesticides

10.  Methodology: Collecting farmer-saved seeds from major producing districts in agroecologies Seed health testing in the laboratory Identification of pathogens using cultural and microscopic features particularly of conidia or spores

11.  Results

12. Farmer-saved seeds of Tomato (samples collected) CropForest- Savanna ForestCoastal- Savanna Tomato 392941 Pepper472847

13. Number of Fungal Species Identified CropForest- savanna ForestCoastal- savanna Tomato14 12 Pepper211621

14. Tomato seed infected by Aspergillus niger

15. Important seedborne pathogens identified ZoneTomatoPepperIncidence of Fungal Species (%) Forest- savanna Fusarium oxysporum F. solani F. moniliforme F. pallidoroseum Colletotrichum dematium Cercospora sp. Fusarium oxysporum F. solani F. moniliforme F. pallidoroseum Colletotrichum dematium Cercospora sp. 7.7; 40.1 43.6; 68.1 12.8 ; 8.5 20.5; 66.0 0.0 ; 42.6 0.0 ; 4.3

16. Seedborne pathogens identified ZoneTomatoPepperIncidence of Fungal Species (%) Forest F. oxysporum F. solani F. moniliforme F. pallidoroseum Colletotrichum dematium Cercospora sp. F. oxysporum F. solani F. moniliforme F. pallidoroseum Colletotrichum dematium Cercospora sp. 10.4 ; 28.6 41.4 ; 89.2* 44.8 ; 64.3 51.7 ; 46.4 0.0 ; 82.2* 6.9 ; 7.2

17.  Major wilt causing pathogens of tomato and pepper: Fusarium oxysporum F. solani F. moniliforme F. pallidoroseum

18.  Causal Organism of pepper anthracnose Colletotrichum dematium 82 % of seed samples from the forest –savanna were found to be infected by C. dematium

19.  Conclusion : Fusarium oxysporum F. solani F. moniliforme F. pallidoroseum Colletotrichum dematium are seedborne, seed transmitted and cause important field diseases resulting in high yield losses.

20. Seed treatment with appropriate chemical or botanical fungicides must be the important first line of defence against diseases of these two crops in the absence of certified seeds Farmers have to produce their seeds from healthy plants and healthy fruits Avoid continuous cropping of these crops on the same piece of land

21. Improved farm sanitation Strategic protection using appropriate fungicides (limited use of chemical fungicides) on the field

24. DEVELOPMENT OF CASSAVA BACTERIAL BLIGHT (CBB) RESISTANT VARIETIES

25. FUNDING: Generation Challenge Programme- Challenge Initiative

26. TEAM: E. Moses (CSIR-CRI) E. Parkes (CSIR-CRI) S. Nyarko (CSIR-CRI) B. Boakye Pepprah (CSIR-CRI) COLLABORATORS: C. Egesi- NRCRI (Umudike) E. Okogbenin –NRCRI (Umudike) J. Onyeka- NRCRI (Umudike)

27.  INTRODUCTION CBB is a devastating cassava diseases with potential of causing complete crop failure and famine CBB has caused famine in Nigeria and Congo (DR) in the 1970s Under favourable conditions most varieties of cassava will succumb to CBB

28.  Symptoms of CBB Leaf blight Wilting Defoliation Dieback Gummy exudation Death of Plants

32. METHODOLOGY Identification and collection of cultivars with suspected resistance from farms Isolation of bacterium and screen house inoculation experiments Screening of cultivars in hot spots

34.  RESULTS 26 (out of 28) cultivars of cassava inoculated with the bacterium resisted it. No symptoms of CBB observed in any of the 28 cultivars 5 MAP at Fumesua Station

35. Mealybugs and spider mites are the major challenges to most of the cultivars

36. Healthy growing cultivar Mealybug Infested cultivar

37.  Conclusion 8 of the cultivars have resisted CBB, mealybugs and spider mites 5 MAP

38. Publications: J. K. Ocran, J.K., Moses, E., Olympio, N.S. and Kumah, P. 2011. Fungi associated with banana crown rots in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Ghana Journal of Horticulture. Vol. 9: 105-110. P. Kumah, E.O. Ampomah and N.S. Olympio, E. Moses. 2011. Efficacy of four botanicals and two chemical fungicides in the control of crown rot disease of banana (Musa spp AAA) ‘Medium Cavendish’. Accepted for publication in ACTA Horticulturae.

40. THANKS FOR THE ATTENTION!