1. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Photomicrograph of a Blood Smear -- review Figure 10.2 1. Which type of blood cell is the most abundant? 2. Name 2 structural differences between RBC’s and WBC’s. 3. Which blood cell is the smallest? What is its function?

2. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Characteristics of Formed Elements of the Blood Table 10.2 (1 of 2)

3. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 10.2 (2 of 2) Characteristics of Formed Elements of the Blood

4. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ERYTHROCYTES (RBC’s)

5. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings How does this occur?

6. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings RBC STRUCTURE 1.SPERICAL or BI-CONCAVE DISK 2.ANUCLEATED (NO NUCLEUS) 3.LACK MITOCHONDRIA ! WHY ARE THESE IMPORTANT?

7. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings FUNCTION OF RBC’s IRON-containing protein + 4 4 GLOBIN (PROTEIN) CHAINS

8. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings MEDICAL TESTS FOR RBC’s 1.TALLQUIST TEST A. MEASURES LEVEL OF HEMOGLOBIN IN RBC’S B. NORMAL VALUES: 12-18 g/100 mL of blood 2.HEMATOCRIT A. PCT (%) VOLUME OF RBC’S B. NORMAL VALUE: ~45%

9. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings LIFESPAN OF RBC’s 1._____ DAYS 2.OLD RBC’S REMOVED BY _________ 3.HEMOGLOBIN RECYCLED: A. IRON & GLOBIN RETURNED TO BONE MARROW B. HEME MINUS(-) IRON = BILIRUBIN  LIVER  BILE OR URINE

10. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings JAUNDICE

11. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings BLOOD DISORDERS OF RBC’s What is ANEMIA ?

12. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings 1. IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA *LOW Hemoglobin  LOW O 2  FATIGUE What differences do you see?

13. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings 2. PERNICIOUS ANEMIA * Lack vit. B12  low RBC count

14. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.3 3. SICKLE-CELL ANEMIA * Fatal hereditary disease caused by abnormal hemoglobin

15. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Genetics of Sickle-Cell Anemia Homozygous recessiveHomozygous dominantHeterozygous

16. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

17. VIDEO : SICKLE-CELL ANEMIA http://mrskingsbioweb.com/videoclip/SickleCell.mov

18. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings 4. POLYCYTHEMIA * Excessive increase in # of RBC’s Why is this potentially dangerous?

19. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings TYPES OF ANEMIA Table 10.1

20. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.4 Hematopoiesis RBC’s CANNOT divide, grow, or synthesize protein !! WHY NOT?

21. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Control of Erythrocyte Production  Rate controlled by a hormone = ERYTHROPOIETIN  KIDNEYS produce erythropoietin as a response to reduced oxygen levels in the blood Reduced O 2 levels in blood Stimulus: Decreased RBC count, decreased availability of O 2 to blood, or increased tissue demands for O 2 Increased O 2 - carrying ability of blood Erythropoietin stimulates Kidney releases erythropoietin Enhanced erythropoiesis Red bone marrow More RBCs Normal blood oxygen levels Imbalance Figure 10.5

22. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING 1. WHAT IS ANEMIA? LOW RBC COUNT AND/OR LOW HGB LEVELS 2. The critical element is the center of a hgb molecule is: 3. Sickle-Cell Anemia is caused by an abnormality in the IRON HEMOGLOBIN