1. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Research Findings and Need for Indoor Safety Policies for Healthy Development  Indoor early childhood education environments pose risks - what risks do you see?

2.  Research findings show risk from:  Indoor equipment safety  Indoor air quality  Falls - leading cause of unintentional injury  Toy safety  Interpersonal safety  Poison control  Fire and burn prevention ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. :

3.  Developmental level  Space  Safety Devices  Classroom Security ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.  Hazards in early childhood settings:  cribs, soft bedding, blind cords, recalled products

4. Developmental Safety Issues  Infants - choking, suffocation, soft surfaces, sleeping spaces, falls out of equipment or while being held  Toddlers - do not understand cause and effect, increased mobility and strength,  Preschoolers Greater physical and cognitive abilities, understand cause and affect but lack impulse control  School age - Fires, burns playing with matches and fires, Relatively safe indoors, but firearms may be risk  Children with disabilities and other special needs ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Organizing for Indoor Safety

5.  Space  Recommended indoor space is 35-42 square feet per child for play space  Separate play spaces for Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers  Space for jumping, swimming, exercise  Space for writing, quiet reading, rest ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Organizing for Indoor Safety

6.  Shared Space  Multiple use facilities need thoughtful anticipation for risk  What might be some of the risks found in a typical shared space? ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

7.  Safety Devices  For wall sockets  Drawers  Doorways  Stairs  Classroom Security  Safety from uninvited guests  Active Supervision  Clear views of the children at all times  Risk assessment  Communication system in place ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

8.  Toxins  Infants/toddlers more susceptible because they spend so much time on the floor exploring  Air Quality and Ventilation  Air quality is more toxic to children because they breathe faster and more air than adults  indoor air quality is 2-5 times more toxic than outside air  Improve this by circulating air and letting in fresh air  Carbon Monoxide Poisioning  Radon gas ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

9. Cleaning and other supplies - buy non toxic, natural, citrus based or biodegradable. Keep toxic cleaners (bleach) stored out of children's reach Art supplies and materials - make sure all materials are non- toxic ACMI (Art & Creative Materials Institute) certification - CL (toxic) and AP (non toxic) Beans, seeds can be choking hazard and put in small spaces on their body Pets/Animals - hand washing, healthy animals, allergies, illness Animals carry: cat scratch fever, salmonella, scabies, ring worm, fleas, pet waste ? ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

10.  Pest Control  Rodents - present where food and water are present see signs of droppings keep everything air tight Bed Bugs - track into classrooms on shoes, clothing, purses Feed on blood, found in mattresses, furniture, blankets, electrical, wall coverings, they are VERY HARD TO KILL ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

11.  Brain develops on interplay between nature and nurture  Toxins can threaten the development of the brain during early exposure before protective barriers are in place  Chemicals used in homes or schools can be mouthed by very young children putting toys in their mouths ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

12.  Furniture  Cribs - slats 2 3/8 apart, wood/metal, tight mattress - 36 in from mattress to top suffocation rates up 400% since 1984 - no bumper pads, sleep positioners, blankets, pillows  High chairs need a safety belt, no lead paint  Walkers - 14000 injuries per year, falls  Infant seating devices  TVs, book cases, chairs, electrical cords, small objects, ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

13.  Indoor Water Safety  Water heaters  Toilets - latch the lid  Sinks, tubs, open buckets of water - drowning in a few inches of water ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

14.  What are some of the safety issues for the use of electronic devices by children in the early childhood education environment? ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

15.  Choking and suffocation hazards  pg 101 Choke Test Device- This handy little device helps the teacher know a toy or other object is capable of being mouthed and swallowed Also can use a toilet paper tube to see if an item is too small ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

16. Examine for age appropriateness  Developmental level, safety precautions  No small parts 1.5 in or smaller  no sharp parts  lead free  flame resistant  clean and able to be sanitized  pull strings are secure ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

17.  What are the three major threats to toy safety in the United States? ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

18.  Injuries from biting, kicking, scratching and fighting common  Biting in child care  Bite because they use their mouths to explore and learn  Lack ability to communicate frustration  Must see a Dr. if a bite breaks the skin  Exposure to violence in daily life more now  fighting, kicking, screaming, spitting, pushing, anger

19.  Strategies to promote positive interaction Be prepared to intervene Understand behaviors Know strategies for eliminating and preventing violent behavior Know how to use conflict resolutions Model emotions in acceptable ways Label expressions of emotion so children can identify them Find the GOOD behaviors and PRAISE those!! ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

20. What types of threats to interpersonal safety can be found in an early childhood education environment? ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

21.  Most common emergency involving children  Examine the environment for any type of poison that may be present ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

22.  Understanding risk  Ingestion by swallowing  Contact when absorbed through skin  Inhalation by breathing fumes  Animal, insect or reptile bites  Injection through a puncture wound  Eating poisonous plants Some children have Pica - disorder where they eat non food items: plastic, clay, glue, cigarette butts, paint, dirt, sand, poop, etc. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

23.  Injuries from fires and burns are second leading cause of death in children in U.S.  Environmental hazards  Scalding from hot liquids  Electrical burns  Contact with fire or hot objects  Chemical burns

24.  Strategies  Safety devices  Train children in fire safety  Model safe behaviors  Test hot food first  Set water heaters to 120  Turn pot handles towards the center of the stove  Never use space heaters  Never leave children alone in a bathtub ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

25.  Families  Poor families 3 times more likely to have safety issues at home  Prevent risk through education  Helping families with children with special needs find resources  Note cultural expectations ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

26.  Education for children and families  Role Modeling  Community Helper Visits  Practice Drills  Activities for Family Engagement ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

27.  For all children  Infants and Toddlers  Pre-K through Kindergarten  Grades 1 to 3 ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.