1. First Aid Skills 1  Preserve body heat by placing a blanket or cover over the victim. Provide insulation, or move the victim, if possible, to a warmer environment. Shock - Treatment

2. First Aid Skills 2 Shock - Treatment

3. First Aid Skills 3 First Question: Is shock the result of an allergic reaction? If the shock is the result of an allergic reaction, then follow victim's instructions for treating allergy and monitor the "ABC’s" until medical attention arrives. Shock - Treatment Shock - Treatment Allergic Reaction

4. First Aid Skills 4 Shock - Treatment Shock - Treatment  Spinal injury – do not move the victim.  If result of a head injury or if victim has difficulty breathing, elevate head and shoulders by placing a pillow or blanket under head.  If the victim is unconscious or vomiting, then turn the victim on their left side so the stomach is on the left side of the body.

5. First Aid Skills 5 Shock - Treatment Shock - Treatment  If no, elevate legs eight to twelve inches off the ground.  If less then two hours from medical care, then do not give fluids (except to those who are conscious and are severely burned).  If no, give small and periodic amounts of water (only if conscious).  Wait for medical attention to arrive.

6. First Aid Skills 6 Weather Related Emergencies Weather related emergencies include:  Hyperthermia: Heat related, body unable to cool itself  Heat Exhaustion: Skin cold & clammy, person alert  Heatstroke: Skin hot, altered state of awareness  Hypothermia: Cold related, body unable to warm itself  Frostbite: Freezing of the extremities (fingers & toes)  Frostnip: First stage of freezing outer layers of skin

7. First Aid Skills 7  Move person into a cool place; remove any excess clothing; cool victim with either water, fanning, or cool packs under the armpits or groin; wait for medical attention, in the case of heatstroke. Treatment for Hyperthermia Weather Related Emergencies “The body is unable to itself.” COOL

8. First Aid Skills 8 Weather Related Emergencies Treatment for Hypothermia “The core body temperature drops below degrees.” Ninety-five

9. First Aid Skills 9 Weather Related Emergencies Treatment for Hypothermia  Move the victim out of the cold; handle the victim carefully; replace wet clothes with dry clothes.  You may need to be forceful verbally to get the individual to comply;  Insulate from the cold with layered clothing and/or an insulated sleeping bag.

10. First Aid Skills 10 Wounds and Cuts

11. First Aid Skills 11 Objectives 1.Explain and demonstrate first aid for a cut. 2.Explain how to treat a blister. 3.Explain and demonstrate first aid for a puncture wound. 4.Explain and demonstrate first aid for arterial bleeding of an arm or leg. 5.Explain and demonstrate how to stop bleeding.

12. First Aid Skills 12  Remove the object or clothing that is causing the blister.  Wash with warm water and soap.  Use a sterile needle to pop the blister at its base and drain.  Place a donut-shaped piece of mole foam around it to keep it from further irritation. Blister Treatment

13. First Aid Skills 13 Blister Treatment 1.Treating a Blister a.Remove footwear then b.The best place to pop the blister is c. tear off the roof of the blister. d.The best way to prevent blisters is to wear fitted footwear. wash the blister with warm water and soap. at the base. Do not properly

14. First Aid Skills 14  Larger wounds - never remove barriers (may cause wound to bleed again).  Wash gently with outward strokes to move dirt and bacteria away from wound.  Use a stream of water to flush it out. Dry carefully, apply antibacterial ointment (for small wounds) and sterile bandage. Puncture Wound Treatment

15. First Aid Skills 15 Puncture Wound Treatment 2.Treating punctures: a.If the object has already been removed, treat the wound based on the type of that has occurred. b.The object acts as a and should not be c.The most important thing is to keep the object from bleeding plug removed. moving.

16. First Aid Skills 16  Wash hands with soap and water.  Apply direct pressure to the cut until it stops bleeding.  Gently wash with soap and water and rinse it for a few minutes.  Pat dry and add a bandage with small dab of ointment on it. Minor Cut Treatment

17. First Aid Skills 17  Check ABC’s first.  Try to stop the bleeding using direct pressure.  If the bleeding stops, treat for shock.  If not, then: Elevate that part of the body above the victim's heart and continue with direct pressure. Arterial Bleeding

18. First Aid Skills 18 Arterial Bleeding  If the bleeding stops, treat for shock. If not, then: Locate a pressure point and continue to apply direct pressure.  The pressure points are located in the upper arm and where the leg joins the hip. DR Workbook Requirement 8d, page 197

19. First Aid Skills 19 Arterial Bleeding  If the bleeding stops, treat for shock. If not, then: Seek immediate medical assistance.  Never use a tourniquet. This is no longer a recommended treatment. DR Workbook Requirement 8d, page 197

20. First Aid Skills 20 Preventing Infection 3.How to prevent infection and treat bleeding. a.The best way to prevent infection is to the wound. b.Fill out the flow chart (next slide). c. use a tourniquet. wash Never

21. First Aid Skills 21 Lesson Four

22. First Aid Skills 22 Lesson Four – Objectives 1.Explain and demonstrate how to respond to poisonings. 2.Explain and demonstrate first aid for insect bites. 3.Explain how to remove a splinter from a finger. 4.Explain how to treat poisonings.

23. First Aid Skills 23 Poisons Poisons can enter the body one of four ways: 1. Inhalation 2. Ingestion 3. Injection 4. Absorption Use MWS 8: “Poisons and Bites Flowchart”, Pg. 206

24. First Aid Skills 24  Absorbed, like Poison ivy,  Immediately wash the area with soap and water.  Then take a cool bath and apply calamine lotion.  If it spreads and painful, then seek medical attention. Poisoning Treatment

25. First Aid Skills 25 Poisoning Treatment  Poisonous injections: i.e. Snakebites,  Identify the snake, if possible.  Then clean the bite with soap and water and keep bite below heart level.  Seek medical attention.

26. First Aid Skills 26 Poisoning Treatment  If the poison is inhaled or swallowed;  Check "ABC’s" and treat for shock.  Seek medical attention and call the Poison Control Center  1-800-222-1222

27. First Aid Skills 27  If possible, try to catch the spider or insect without risk to you.  Check to see if the stinger is in the skin.  If not, Clean the area, apply ice to reduce swelling. Insect Bite or Sting Treatment

28. First Aid Skills 28 Insect Bite or Sting Treatment  If stinger is found, gently scrape the stinger out of the wound using a plastic card or fingernail, pulling away from the wound to minimize amount of toxin released into the body.  Do not squeeze stinger. Treat wound as a minor cut.

29. First Aid Skills 29 Insect Bite or Sting Treatment  Next, check to see if the victim is allergic to the bite.  Look for signs of shock and swelling.  If no, then seek medical attention or an adult for assistance.  If yes, check “ABCH,” treat for shock, and immediately seek medical attention.

30. First Aid Skills 30  Use tweezers to carefully remove.  If splinter breaks, use sterilized tweezers.  Remove remainder of splinter, and treat wound as a minor cut. Splinters and Ticks - Treatment

31. First Aid Skills 31 1.Treating a splinter. a.Remove as much of the splinter as b.If the splinter breaks off, sterilize the c. cut into the skin. Splinters and Ticks - Treatment possible. tweezers. Do not

32. First Aid Skills 32 2.Treating a tick. a.Do not yank the tick out, but pull it out. b.After removing the tick, the area and watch for c.Contact medical attention if swelling, or persists. Splinters and Ticks - Treatment slowly clean infection. redness, itching

33. First Aid Skills 33 Objectives - Burns 1.Demonstrate and explain first aid for simple burns. 2.Assemble a personal first aid kit. 3.Learn where a first aid kit should be stored.

34. First Aid Skills 34 Degree of Burn First Degree Burn Second Degree Burn Third Degree Burn Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis

35. First Aid Skills 35 Burns – Degrees of Burns 1.First-degree burn a.Only the top layer of skin is b.The skin is only mildly c.There is only a little d.These burns usually within a week. burned. discolored. swelling. heal

36. First Aid Skills 36 First-Degree Burn Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis First Degree Burn Damage to the outer layer of skin (epidermis), causing pain, redness, and swelling. Redness (Erythema)

37. First Aid Skills 37 Burns – Degrees of Burns 1.Second-degree burn a. layers of skin are burned. b.The skin has a appearance. c.There is greater swelling, and there are d.These burns take up to three weeks to heal and should be attended by a Several spotty or blotchy blisters. physician.

38. First Aid Skills 38 Second-Degree Burn Second Degree Burn Damage to both outer skin and underlying tissue layers (epidermis and dermis), causing pain, redness, swelling, and blistering. Blisters (Bulla)

39. First Aid Skills 39 Burns – Degrees of Burns 1.Third-degree burn a. layers of skin are burned. b.There is discoloration. c.Some skin may be d.These burns can be Many severe charred. life threatening.

40. First Aid Skills 40 Third-Degree Burn Third Degree Burn Damage extends deeper into tissues (epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis) causing extensive tissue destruction. The skin may feel numb. Full thickness burn with tissue damage

41. First Aid Skills 41 Heat Burn Treatment  Go through “ABC’s” first, then ask if burn was caused by heat.  Determine degree and amount of burn.  If it is a third-degree burn or large second- degree burn, use the “ABCH”, then treat for shock.  Do not attempt to pull off the clothing because skin may come with it.

42. First Aid Skills 42 Heat Burn Treatment  Cut it off if attached to the skin.  Apply a sterile dressing and elevate.  Seek immediate medical attention.  Burn is first-degree or small second-degree, apply cold water/compress until pain stops.  If you must use ice, provide a barrier.  Do not apply an ointment.

43. First Aid Skills 43 Electrical Burn Treatment DR Workbook Question 10c, Pg. 198  If burn is not chemical, then it’s an electrical burn.  Is victim in contact with electrical source, are you at risk.  If yes, ask adult to turn off power.  May entail calling 911 to have then call appropriate person.  Treatment same as heat burn.

44. First Aid Skills 44 Electrical Burn Treatment DR Workbook Question 10c, Pg. 198  In all cases, monitor wound for signs of infection.  Large wounds – seek medical attention to reduce risk of infection.  Serious burn, monitor for signs of shock.