1. Building (on) a few dictionaries from Asia & the Pacific Alexandre François — CNRS–LACITO, Paris

2. LACITO and the Pangloss Collection

4. The Pangloss Collection  Online archive of endangered languages  bit.ly/LacitoMap  131 languages  2632 recordings  Audio, video  Open access  Annotated corpora  transcriptions  glosses  translation(s)

5. The HimalCo project  ANR (agence nationale de la recherche, cf. DFG)  Project HimalCo “Himalayan Corpora” (2013-2015)  Tibeto-Burman languages (Nepal, China):  (A.M.) Na + Naxi  (G.J.) Japhug + Khaling  (A.L.) Koyi-Rai + Khaling Alexis Michaud (LACITO) Guillaume Jacques (CRLAO) Aimée Lahaussois (HTL) Séverine Guillaume (LACITO) Céline Buret (HimalCo)

6. Online dictionaries  Three online dictionaries:  Japhug, Khaling, Na http://himalco.huma-num.fr/dictionaries  Dictionaries first written using Toolbox & MDF  Céline Buret converted these dictionaries to LMF  LMF: Lexical Markup Framework  an ISO norm for dictionaries (ISO-TC37/SC424613)  LMF describes a formal generic structure independent of its publication format.  From a well-formatted unique lexicographical source (Xml), you can obtain a printable form (e.g. Word, LaTeX, Pdf) or an electronic dictionary

7. LMF: Lexical Markup Framework  LMF  XML-XSLT library  Starts with a CorePackage  LMF can accommodate extensions,  Possibility to expand/create new extensions tailored to the specific needs of under-documented languages

8. LMF: Lexical Markup Framework  LMF  XML-XSL library  Starts with a CorePackage  LMF can accommodate extensions,  Possibility to expand/create new extensions tailored to the specific needs of under-documented languages  HimalCo’s contribution  Creation of extended libraries to accommodate all fields in Toolbox/MDF  Further extensions, beyond MDF, tailored to our dictionaries

9. LMF: Lexical Markup Framework  MDF => LMF  General correspondences  Non-MDF elements added  Python library: pylmflib (on Github)  Xml-Xsl => Php/Html/Css  Output  himalco.huma-num.fr/dictionaries

10. Online dictionaries  Na – French – English – Chinese

11. Online dictionaries  Na – French – English – Chinese

12. Online dictionaries  Koyi-Rai: presentation in IPA or Devanagari (for speakers)

13. Dictionaries from Pacific languages  my work  Languages from northern Vanuatu + Solomon Is  21 languages for purposes of historical comparison  5 languages for lexicography:  Teanu  Mwotlap – Hiw – Lo-Toga  Araki  Araki (2002)  online dictionary (2008)  using LexiquePro  http://alex.francois.free.fr/AF-Araki.htm

14. Dictionaries from Pacific languages

15. Araki lexicon (using LexiquePro)

17. Two sample dictionaries: Teanu, Mwotlap  Examples of enhancements  Pictures (possibly w. caption \lg)

18. Two sample dictionaries: Teanu, Mwotlap  Examples of enhancements  Pictures (possibly w. caption \lg)  Encyclopaedic info (\ee)  Literal meaning of phrase (\lit)

19. Two sample dictionaries: Teanu, Mwotlap  Examples of enhancements  Pictures (possibly w. caption \lg)  Encyclopaedic info (\ee)  Literal meaning of phrase (\lit)  Nature of logical/semantic link with previous sense (\he)  Context of example (\xctx)  Typical subject for given sense (\sbj)

20. Two sample dictionaries: Teanu, Mwotlap  Examples of enhancements  Pictures (possibly w. caption \lg)  Encyclopaedic info (\ee)  Literal meaning of phrase (\lit)  Nature of logical/semantic link with previous sense (\he)  Context of example (\xctx)  Typical subject for given sense (\sbj)

21. Two sample dictionaries: Teanu, Mwotlap  Examples of enhancements  Pictures (possibly w. caption \lg)  Encyclopaedic info (\ee)  Literal meaning of phrase (\lit)  Nature of logical/semantic link with previous sense (\he)  Context of example (\xctx)  Typical subject for given sense (\sbj)  Typical object for given sense (\obj)  Literal meaning of examples (\xlit)

22. Two sample dictionaries: Teanu, Mwotlap  Examples of enhancements  Pictures (possibly w. caption \lg)  Encyclopaedic info (\ee)  Literal meaning of phrase (\lit)  Nature of logical/semantic link with previous sense (\he)  Context of example (\xctx)  Typical subject for given sense (\sbj)  Typical object for given sense (\obj)  Literal meaning of examples (\xlit)  Comment on the semantics (\csem)  Sense’s status in speech (\ssta)  Syntactic / Constructional info (\cstr)

23. Two sample dictionaries: Teanu, Mwotlap  Examples of enhancements  Pictures (possibly w. caption \lg)  Encyclopaedic info (\ee)  Literal meaning of phrase (\lit)  Nature of logical/semantic link with previous sense (\he)  Context of example (\xctx)  Typical subject for given sense (\sbj)  Typical object for given sense (\obj)  Literal meaning of examples (\xlit)  Comment on the semantics (\csem)  Sense’s status in speech (\ssta)  Syntactic / Constructional info (\cstr)  Insert on culture or language (\ins)

24. Two sample dictionaries: Teanu, Mwotlap  Examples of enhancements  Pictures (possibly w. caption \lg)  Encyclopaedic info (\ee)  Literal meaning of phrase (\lit)  Nature of logical/semantic link with previous sense (\he)  Context of example (\xctx)  Typical subject for given sense (\sbj)  Typical object for given sense (\obj)  Literal meaning of examples (\xlit)  Comment on the semantics (\csem)  Sense’s status in speech (\ssta)  Syntactic / Constructional info (\cstr)  Insert on culture or language (\ins)  Thesaurus list of related concepts (\ths)

25. A (brand) new online dictionary  Online Mwotlap – French – English dictionary  Prepared by Céline Buret (Dublin)  Released yesterday (!) - still in beta version

26. A (brand) new online dictionary  Work in progress  still some refinements to make  espec. incorporate all the “enhancements” I’ve mentioned  = our next project for future weeks (+ finish writing the actual dictionary!)

27. Conclusion  Objectives of cross-linguistic comparison could possibly promote simple entries (?)  but it is also highly desirable to allow for a maximally detailed structure capable of handling complex or polysemous entries,  by incorporating various levels of extra information  (phono­logical, morpho­logical, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, cultural)  Proper use of such optional features in a published online dictionary  increases its value  should count towards peer-reviewed evaluation  …along with other criteria such as the accessibility, sustainability, clarity and user-friendliness of the dictionary.