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Published byCamron Harrington Modified over 8 years ago
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Digestion System
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Main Functions Digestion Process of changing food into a substance body cells can accept Absorption Transfer of nutrients into blood Elimination of waste Maintains proper amounts of water, electrolytes, nutrients
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Structures and Functions Mouth Teeth begin breakdown of food (mastication) Forms a bolus for swallowing Digestion begins here
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Structures and Functions Saliva moistens food Salivary enzymes: ptyalin (amylase) break down starches to simpler sugars
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Structures and Functions Uvula Structure suspend from soft palate Directs bolus down esophagus
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Structures and Functions Esophagus Tube like structure that carries food from mouth to stomach Bolus moved by rhythmic wavelike motion called peristalsis http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=o18UycWRsaA http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=o18UycWRsaA
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Structures and Functions Stomach Physical breakdown of food continues Bolus + hydrochloric acid & enzymes = chyme Esophogeal sphincter valve prevents chyme from flowing back into esophagus Pyloric sphincter valve controls flow of chyme into intestines
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Structures and Functions Small intestine Lined with tiny projections called villi Nutrients absorbed into blood or liver for storage
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Structures and Functions Small intestine Major divisions Duodenum First 9-10 inches Digestive enzymes and bile produced to complete digestion Jejunum Middle section 8 feet long Ileum Final 12 feet Connects with large intestine by iliocecal sphincter
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Structures and Functions Large intestine Three major portions Ascending colon Right side Transverse colon Descending colon Left side
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Structures and Functions Large intestine Receives unusable food substances Absorbs water, mineral salts, and vitamins Secretes mucus to aid fecal movement
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Structures and Functions Rectum Last 6-8 inches Serves as fecal storage area Anus Fecal material evacuated from body
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Accessory Organs
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Appendix a small, blind tube extending from large intestine at junction of small and large intestines. function is not understood.
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Accessory Organs Liver Produces bile to break up fats Detoxifies and removes harmful substances Stores fat soluble vitamins: D,A,K,E Production of clotting factors Production of antibodies Production of cholesterol Stores sugar in form of glycogen
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Assessory Organs Gallbladder Inferior to and attached to liver Bile storage
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Assessory Organs Pancreas Posterior to stomach Produces digestive enzymes Produces hormone insulin for blood sugar balance
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Pathology of the Digestive System
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Conditions of the Digestive System Gastritis Inflammation of the stomach lining Appendicitis Inflammation of the appendix Hepatitis Inflammation of the liver Cholecystitis Inflammation of the gallbladder
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Conditions of the Digestive System Constipation Inability to have a bowel movement Diarrhea Passage of frequent and watery stools Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Esophageal sphincter does not close all the way Frequent heartburn or chest pain
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Conditions of the Digestive System Ulcers Lesion on mucous membrane of stomach or duodenum Ulcers formed by: Too much hydrochloric acid &/or pepsin Low production of mucus Bacterium called H. pylori
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The End
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Digestive System Word Bank Sublingual salivary glands Stomach Rectum Liver Parotid salivary glands Gallbladder Transverse colon Appendix Descending colon Duodenum Submaxillary salivary glands Pancreas Esophagus Ascending colon Jejunum Ileum
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