1. Human Anatomy Basic Terms 1.___Dorsal- 2. ___Ventral- 3. ___Anterior- 4. ___ Posterior- 5. A to __ Distal- 6. A to __ Proximal- Label the frog using the basic terms A B CD Back Stomach side Head end Butt end Far Away Closer to

2. Integumentary System Includes largest organ- SKIN! Functions Protection Homeostasis 3 layers of skin Epidermis- outer most Dermis- middle layer Subcutaneous- most internal __Melanin_________, a pigment that determines skin color, is located in your _Epidermis________

3. Nervous System Conducts impulses or Impulses Chemical Signams Cells in Nervous System are called Neurons 2 parts of Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain and Spinal Cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Other Nerves and reflexes

4. Learning Check 1. Which system contains the senses, controls body activities, carries messages and allows us to think and reason? A. Nervous System B. Integumentary Sytem C. Skeletal System D. Muscular System The answer is:_____ A

5. Skeletal System 206 bones Connections – Joints - bone to bone – Ligaments - bone to bone – Tendons - bone to muscle Functions – Framework/structure/support – Protection – stores minerals

6. Learning Check 2. What are the 2 main parts of the CNS? A. Bones and Joints B. Brain and Spinal Cord C. Nerves and Brain D. Kidney and Bladder 3. Which system provides a barrier, and prevents fluid loss? A. Nervous System B. Integumentary system C. Skeletal System D. Muscular System The Answer is ___________ B B

7. Excretory System Function Maintains Homeostasis of body fluids More specifically…filters blood, removes wastes which are eliminated as urine -Nephron- tiny filtering cells in kidneys

8. Learning Check 7. How is the excretory system most likely to respond when an animal is thirsty? A. By relaxing the smooth muscles B. By retaining body fluids C. By absorbing heat from lymph glands D. By releasing hormones The answer is:_____ B

9. Muscular System Locomotion Skeletal Muscle- attached to bone – Voluntary Smooth Muscle- found in organs – Involuntary Cardiac Muscle- found ONLY in heart – Involuntary

10. Learning Check 4.Which structure is responsible for raising the lower arm? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 The Answer is ___________ C

11. Circulatory System Carries nutrients, including Oxygen around the body. Major parts – Heart – Blood – Veins – Arteries

12. Respiratory System Getting Oxygen in and Carbon Dioxide out of the body. Major Parts – Diaphragm – Trachea – Lungs – Bronchi Brain Controlled, but also voluntary.

13. Digestive System Changes food to ATP 3 Major Steps – Ingestion – Digestion – Elimination 6 major organs Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine* Large Intestine Rectum

14. Learning Check Which of the following examples does not use passive transport to move materials from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration? A. Red Blood Cells taking Oxygen through the body. B. Gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries C. Monomers of food traveling from the villi to blood vessels D. In the stomach, gastric acid is produced by hydrogen potassium ATPase- an ion pump The Answer is ___________ D

15. Endocrine System Controls and regulates body via chemicals (Hormones) Ex. Pituitary gland- growth Ex. Adrenal gland- Adrenaline

16. Learning Check 5. Nutrients from digested food or hormones from glands move directly into the __ A. Circulatory system B. Integumentary system C. Excretory System D. Endocrine system The Answer is ___________ A

17. Immune System Defends against diseases, Bacteria & Viruses Natural – White blood cells in lymph nodes Artificial – Antibiotics and Vaccines

18. Reproductive System To make Offspring Cells in Ovaries or testes go through meiosis to make gametes Ex. Eggs and sperm = Fertilization & a Zygote

19. Male Vs. Female Reproductive System in Rats