1. Unit 10: WWII 1941-1945

2. Leaders in WWII Germany- Adolf Hitler Germany- Adolf Hitler Japan- General Tojo Japan- General Tojo Italy- Benito Mussolini Italy- Benito Mussolini USA- Franklin D. Roosevelt Great Britain- Winston Churchill USSR- Joseph Stalin

3. Atlantic Charter Joint declaration released by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill on August 14, 1941.

4. Axis as Aggressors All are Dictatorships GER/ITA Fascists and Japan Empire All are Dictatorships GER/ITA Fascists and Japan Empire 1936- Hitler remilitarized Germany 1936- Hitler remilitarized Germany –Mussolini announces Rome-Berlin Axis – Germany Signs Anti-Communism Pact with Japan Japan Invades China Japan Invades China GER annexes Austria and Czechoslovakia GER annexes Austria and Czechoslovakia GER and USSR sign non-aggression pact GER and USSR sign non-aggression pact GER invades Poland GER invades Poland

6. So begins World War II France and Britain declare war on the Axis France and Britain declare war on the Axis Soviets invade Poland Soviets invade Poland Germans started take over of Europe Germans started take over of Europe Winston Churchill became prime minister Winston Churchill became prime minister On the same day Germany started the invasion of France On the same day Germany started the invasion of France A month and a half later France surrendered A month and a half later France surrendered

7. German War tactics Blitzkrieg German War tactics Blitzkrieg –Using tanks in small divisions to pierce the enemy line, then attack the line flank –Great speed was a must –To combat this divisions fought in columns

8. Cash and Carry- Allowed warring nations to buy US arms as long as they paid in cash and transported them in own ships. Cash and Carry- Allowed warring nations to buy US arms as long as they paid in cash and transported them in own ships. Lend-Lease Plan- Lease arms and supplies to countries Lend-Lease Plan- Lease arms and supplies to countries

9. 9 US INDUSTRY GEARS UP FOR WAR AND PRODUCES GREAT QUANTITIES OF ARMS AND EQUIPMENT FOR ALL THE ALLIES

10. 10 THE UNITED STATES BECAME INVOLVED BY SUPPLYING WAR MATERIALS FOR THE ALLIES

11. FDR’s Policies 1933-1938 In his first term, FDR’s concern with the Depression left little time to deal with foreign affairs In his first term, FDR’s concern with the Depression left little time to deal with foreign affairs He did, however, extend Hoover’s efforts at improving U.S. relations with Latin America by initiating a good-neighbor policy He did, however, extend Hoover’s efforts at improving U.S. relations with Latin America by initiating a good-neighbor policy Good-Neighbor Policy: FDR wanted good relations with Latin American nations because: (1) U.S. interventionism in support of dollar diplomacy no longer made sense, since U.S. businesses during the depression lacked the resources to invest in foreign operations (2) The rise of militarist regimes in Germany and Italy prompted FDR to seek cooperation with Latin America (help defend the region)

12. "The Battle of France is over. I expect the Battle of Britain is about to begin....“- Winston Churchill Luftwaffe (German Air Force) bombed England attempting destroy England’s Air defense and force a surrender Luftwaffe (German Air Force) bombed England attempting destroy England’s Air defense and force a surrender RAF (English Air Force) turned them away RAF (English Air Force) turned them away

16. Germany attacks Soviet Union June 22, 1941 Germany attacks Soviet Union June 22, 1941 Purpose was to rid the world communism Purpose was to rid the world communism Very bloody with little regard for human life Very bloody with little regard for human life Battle of Stalingrad: Turning point Battle of Stalingrad: Turning point

18. US policy towards Japan US stopped selling oil and steel to Japan US stopped selling oil and steel to Japan Japan saw that as an act of war. Japan saw that as an act of war. Japan wants raw materials Japan wants raw materials Singapore- (UK) was taken by Japan Singapore- (UK) was taken by Japan

19. Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 Tora, Tora, Tora, code name of the attack on Pearl Harbor. Tora, Tora, Tora, code name of the attack on Pearl Harbor.

20. Kamikaze Pilots Kamikaze Pilots “Divine wind” suicide pilots of Japan “Divine wind” suicide pilots of Japan

24. USS Yorktown Carrier

29. Japan moves to dominate the Pacific The United States is the only power blocking Japan’s plan to conquer the Pacific The United States is the only power blocking Japan’s plan to conquer the Pacific The Japanese had destroyed 75% of US naval power in the Pacific. The Japanese had destroyed 75% of US naval power in the Pacific. Philippines- was a US protectorate since 1898. Philippines- was a US protectorate since 1898. Douglas Macarthur- commanding Army officer. Douglas Macarthur- commanding Army officer. Chester Nimitz- commanding Naval officer. Chester Nimitz- commanding Naval officer.

30. General Douglas Macarthur General Douglas Macarthur Commander of American forces in the Philippines. Commander of American forces in the Philippines. “ I shall return” “ I shall return”

31. Bataan Death March 1942

32. Bataan Death March 1942 Bataan Death March 1942 American troops were captured by the Japanese. US troops were forced to march 6 days, 80-90 miles American troops were captured by the Japanese. US troops were forced to march 6 days, 80-90 miles

33. Japanese Americans Japanese Americans Internment camps were rounded up and put in camps. Internment camps were rounded up and put in camps. Lost property Lost property

36. Japanese American Internment Many Japanese Americans were sent to barracks of internment camps located throughout the West Many Japanese Americans were sent to barracks of internment camps located throughout the West Japanese Americans living in other parts of the nation, including Hawaii, did not come under the order to go to internment camps Japanese Americans living in other parts of the nation, including Hawaii, did not come under the order to go to internment camps In the case of Korematsu v. U.S. (1944), the Supreme Court upheld the U.S. government’s internment policy as justified in wartime In the case of Korematsu v. U.S. (1944), the Supreme Court upheld the U.S. government’s internment policy as justified in wartime Years later (1988), the federal government agreed that an injustice had been done and awarded financial compensation to those who were interned Years later (1988), the federal government agreed that an injustice had been done and awarded financial compensation to those who were interned U.S. President Ronald Reagan signs the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, which granted reparations for the internment of Japanese Americans. Heart Mountain Relocation Center, January 10, 1943

37. United States will fight a two front war. European front “European Theatre”- North Africa, Italy European front “European Theatre”- North Africa, Italy Eastern front, and northern France. Eastern front, and northern France. Pacific front “Pacific Theatre”- using air, naval, and man power, Pacific front “Pacific Theatre”- using air, naval, and man power, Island hopping Island hopping

38. Operation Torch Operation Torch United States troops will fight with British troops to stop Germans in North Africa. United States troops will fight with British troops to stop Germans in North Africa. Dwight Eisenhower- Commander of US troops. Dwight Eisenhower- Commander of US troops.

39. Dwight Eisenhower Dwight Eisenhower US Commander of all US troops- North Africa. US Commander of all US troops- North Africa. His plan was to stop Hitler’s troops in North Africa. His plan was to stop Hitler’s troops in North Africa. oil oil

40. General George Patton General George Patton US tank commander under Eisenhower US tank commander under Eisenhower “Old Blood and Guts” “Old Blood and Guts” Battle of the Bulge- largest battle of WWII Battle of the Bulge- largest battle of WWII

41. General Omar Bradley General Omar Bradley US commander US commander Served under Eisenhower Served under Eisenhower General at D-Day and commanded the US armed forces invading Germany General at D-Day and commanded the US armed forces invading Germany “G.I. General” “G.I. General” 5 star general 5 star general Lived in El Paso Lived in El Paso

42. Operation Overlord Operation Overlord Code name for the invasion of Europe by Allies more commonly known as D- Day on June 6, 1944. Code name for the invasion of Europe by Allies more commonly known as D- Day on June 6, 1944. Largest fleet of ships and men. Largest fleet of ships and men. Normandy, France Normandy, France Dwight Eisenhower commands the invasion forces at D-Day Dwight Eisenhower commands the invasion forces at D-Day What does the “D” in D-Day stand for? What does the “D” in D-Day stand for?

45. Battle of the Bulge Battle of the Bulge Last major offensive from Germany launched in December 1944. Last major offensive from Germany launched in December 1944.

46. From D-Day to Victory in Europe The Allied drive to liberate France began on June 6, 1944, with the largest invasion by sea in history The Allied drive to liberate France began on June 6, 1944, with the largest invasion by sea in history After the attack, and in the following months, Paris was liberated After the attack, and in the following months, Paris was liberated By September of 1944, Allied forces had crossed the German border for a final attack on Berlin By September of 1944, Allied forces had crossed the German border for a final attack on Berlin The German launched a desperate counterattack in Belgium in December 1944 in the Battle of the Bulge The German launched a desperate counterattack in Belgium in December 1944 in the Battle of the Bulge After a slight setback, American forces reorganized and resumed their advance After a slight setback, American forces reorganized and resumed their advance U.S. Army troops wade ashore on Omaha Beach on the morning of 6 June 1944

47. Holocaust-name given to the killing of 6 million Jews Holocaust-name given to the killing of 6 million Jews

48. German Concentration Camps Auschwitz Auschwitz Dauchau Dauchau Treblinka Treblinka Buchenwald Buchenwald

51. VE Day- Victory in Europe VE Day- Victory in Europe May 8, 1945 May 8, 1945.

52. On top of Hitler's bunker The entrance Hitler’s suicide

53. World War II Pacific Front

54. General George Marshall General George Marshall Chief of Staff Chief of Staff 5 star general (2 nd man to do so after Pershing) 5 star general (2 nd man to do so after Pershing) Chief of Staff of WWII Chief of Staff of WWII Time Magazine in 1944 named Marshall “Man of the Year” Time Magazine in 1944 named Marshall “Man of the Year” “Organizer of Victory” “Organizer of Victory” O

55. Yalta Conference-1945 Yalta Conference-1945 The Big Three: FDR, Churchill, and Stalin all meet at Yalta. The Big Three: FDR, Churchill, and Stalin all meet at Yalta. The USSR agrees to elections in areas they took in WWII. The USSR agrees to elections in areas they took in WWII. Met to decide what actions to take after the War Met to decide what actions to take after the War Created the United Nations Created the United Nations

56. United States & Australia are the two nations still fighting Japan in the Pacific United States & Australia are the two nations still fighting Japan in the Pacific

57. Douglas MacArthur Douglas MacArthur US Military commander in the Pacific US Military commander in the Pacific “Old soldiers never die, they just fade away.” “Old soldiers never die, they just fade away.” He received the formal Japanese surrender in September 1945, V-J Day. He received the formal Japanese surrender in September 1945, V-J Day.

58. Chester Nimitz Chester Nimitz US commander of the Navy in the Pacific. US commander of the Navy in the Pacific. “Nimitz shifted to the offensive and defeated the Japanese navy in the Battle of the Coral Sea, the Battle of Midway, and in the Solomon Islands Campaign. “Nimitz shifted to the offensive and defeated the Japanese navy in the Battle of the Coral Sea, the Battle of Midway, and in the Solomon Islands Campaign.Battle of the Coral Sea Battle of Midway Solomon Islands CampaignBattle of the Coral Sea Battle of Midway Solomon Islands Campaign On October 7, 1943 he was designated Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet, and Pacific Ocean Areas. By Act of Congress, approved December 14, 1944, the grade of Fleet Admiral of the United States Navy — the highest grade in the Navy.” October 71943December 141944Fleet Admiral of the United States NavyOctober 71943December 141944Fleet Admiral of the United States Navy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_ Nimitz

59. Flying Tigers The nickname of U.S. fighter pilots, the American Volunteer Group (AVG), who fought against the Japanese in China during World War II. The nickname of U.S. fighter pilots, the American Volunteer Group (AVG), who fought against the Japanese in China during World War II.

60. Fighting Japan By early 1942, Japanese troops controlled much of East Asia and Southeast Asia By early 1942, Japanese troops controlled much of East Asia and Southeast Asia Turning Point, 1942: -the war in the Pacific was dominated by naval forces battling over vast area -two naval battles in the late spring of 1942 proved to be a turning point in halting Japanese advancement -On May 7-8, in the Battle of the Coral Sea, U.S. aircraft carriers stopped a Japanese invasion of Australia -On June 4-7, in the decisive Battle of Midway, the interception and decoding of Japanese messages led to the destruction of 4 Japanese carriers and 300 planes B-17 attack misses Hiryū; this was taken some time between 08:00–08:30. A Shotai of three Zeros is lined up near the bridge. This was one of several combat air patrols launched during the day

62. US broke the Japanese code US broke the Japanese code United States broke the Japanese code United States had an advantage over Japan. United States broke the Japanese code United States had an advantage over Japan.

63. Code Talkers Code Talkers Navajo Indians would send transmissions for United States. Navajo Indians would send transmissions for United States. Japanese military never broke the code. Japanese military never broke the code.

64. Battles in the Pacific Battles in the Pacific Saipan -site where Marines attacked Japanese. Japanese committed suicide rather then surrender. 20,000 Saipan -site where Marines attacked Japanese. Japanese committed suicide rather then surrender. 20,000 Iwo Jima-site where Americans raised the US flag and now a statue in Iwo Jima-site where Americans raised the US flag and now a statue in Washington DC Washington DC Coral Seas- Australia Coral Seas- Australia

66. Election of 1944 Election of 1944 Franklin D Roosevelt-elected for the 4 th time. Franklin D Roosevelt-elected for the 4 th time. Died in 1945 (April) of what? Died in 1945 (April) of what? Vice President Harry S. Truman Vice President Harry S. Truman

67. Vice President under FDR Vice President under FDR From Missouri From Missouri Distinguished captain of WWI Distinguished captain of WWI 1 st Television broadcasts (instead of “Fireside chats”) 1 st Television broadcasts (instead of “Fireside chats”) “The buck stops here.” “The buck stops here.” Harry S. Truman becomes 33 President

68. Manhattan Project Manhattan Project Code name for the development of the Atomic Bomb Code name for the development of the Atomic Bomb Manhattan Project- efforts to develop the atomic bomb created by Robert Oppenheimer Alamogordo New Mexico Alamogordo New Mexico Fat Man and Little Boy- names of Atomic Bombs Fat Man and Little Boy- names of Atomic Bombs

69. Truman’s decision to use the Atomic Bomb President Truman later wrote that he "regarded the bomb as a military weapon and never had any doubts that it should be used." His advisers had warned him to expect massive casualties if the United States invaded Japan. Truman believed it was his duty as president to use every weapon available to save American lives.

70. American Targets The mushroom cloud over Hiroshima after the dropping of Little Boy The Fat Man mushroom cloud resulting from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki Hiroshima – August 6, 1945 Nagasaki – August 9, 1945

71. Hiroshima-August 6.1945 Hiroshima-August 6.1945

73. Nagasaki August 9, 1945

74. V-J Day V-J Day August 15, 1945

75. Women in the war effort Women in the war effort Rosie the Riveter-symbol of women making history working for victory. Rosie the Riveter-symbol of women making history working for victory. Nurses Nurses Hollywood cafe Hollywood cafe USO USO Pin up girls Pin up girls Victory Girls Victory Girls

79. African Americans African Americans African Americans were in segregated units. African Americans were in segregated units. Most were cooks, butlers, and fighting units. Most were cooks, butlers, and fighting units. Tuskegee Airmen Tuskegee Airmen

80. Vernon Baker One of the first African American soldiers to see combat. One of the first African American soldiers to see combat. Congressional Medal of Honor Congressional Medal of Honor

81. Mexican Americans Many Mexican Americans worked in defense related industries-over 300,000 served in the military Many Mexican Americans worked in defense related industries-over 300,000 served in the military A 1942 agreement with Mexico allowed Mexican farmworkers, known as braceros, to enter the U.S. in the harvest season without immigration paperwork A 1942 agreement with Mexico allowed Mexican farmworkers, known as braceros, to enter the U.S. in the harvest season without immigration paperwork The sudden influx of Mexican immigrants into Los Angeles stirred white resentment and led to the zoot suit riots in the summer of 1943 The sudden influx of Mexican immigrants into Los Angeles stirred white resentment and led to the zoot suit riots in the summer of 1943 Zoot suits. 1942

82. Potsdam Conference Potsdam Conference Truman, Stalin, and Churchill Truman, Stalin, and Churchill

83. The War’s Legacy The most destructive war in the history of the world had profound effects on all nations, including the United States The most destructive war in the history of the world had profound effects on all nations, including the United States (1) The war cost 300,000 Americans lives and 800,000 wounded (2) The dollar cost was over 320 billion (3) The United Nations was created when delegates from the United States, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, China and 46 other nations assembled in San Francisco. The U.N. charter was ratified by the U.S. Senate on October 24, 1945

84. Unit 10 WWII Study Guide 10 Matching 30 Multiple Choice Matching: Flying Tigers Flying Tigers Tuskegee Airmen Tuskegee Airmen Patton Patton Eisenhower Eisenhower Good Neighbor Policy Good Neighbor Policy Atlantic Charter Atlantic Charter Blitzkrieg Blitzkrieg Rationing Rationing Multiple Choice: Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor Operation Torch Operation Torch Battle of the Bulge Battle of the Bulge D Day D Day Hiroshima/Nagasaki Hiroshima/Nagasaki Internment camps Internment camps VE Day; VJ Day VE Day; VJ Day Stalingrad; Midway Stalingrad; Midway Bradley; Nimitz Bradley; Nimitz Manhattan Project Manhattan Project Code Talkers Code Talkers