1. Prussia The Unification of Deutschland

2. Remember Back… After Congress of Vienna –1815 German Confederation Buffer to French expansion Austria Does not want a united Germany nor do smaller German states –Less economic competition –Less domination over smaller states

3. Prussia –Largest German state Well organized government Strong economy –Zollverein-Economic Union (1834) »Businesses reduced trade barriers between German states »Where is there a Zollverein present today?

4. Revolutions of 1848 Effects on German Confederation Liberal: wanted to limit state interference in individual life and urged voting rights. Conservatives- wanting to restore power to the Kings and church/oppossed to revolutionary ideas on rights of individuals –Liberal government leaders –New constitution Bickering between political parties –Conservatives take over the government 1850 Liberal and Radical Germans flee the country

5. Wilhelm I (William) of Prussia Strong military –Expands army Prussian citizens see this as a threat and refuse more taxation for military spending –Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck –Junker-landowner –Had been ambassador to France and Russia -Shared Kings (William I) ideas about strong military

6. Realpolitik - right of the nation-state to pursue its own advantage by any means, including war. –Bismarck’s policy “Blood and Iron” –How the issues of the times would be decided Bismarck would step over congress and tax for more war

7. Handout speech

8. Blood and Iron “Blood and Iron” –How the issues of the times would be decided Bismarck would step over congress and tax for more war

9. “Show me an objective worthy of war and I will go along with you” - Bismarck Bismarck wanted –Unification of Germany –Crush Austrian sphere of influence in German states –To do list 1. War with Denmark - take territories (Schleswig/Holstein) 2. Seven Weeks’ War- in which he crush Austria 3. Franco-Prussian War- in which he Defeat Napoleon III

10. How to… Use Nationalism –Same language, culture, traditions Sense of superiority –Books –Music –Ethnocentrism- idea ones culture is better than any one else's.

11. United Germany Jan. 18, 1871 –Kaiser –emperor- Wilhelm I –Chancellor- Chief Minister- Bismarck Second German Reich begins 25 States make up the unified Germany Kaiser was the head “kind of” Bismarck was head of the show!

12. Rockin’ the Pope –Prussians = Protestants –Southern Germans = Catholic Both had political parties Bismarck –Viewed Catholics as Anti-nationalist –Supported more Protestant political affairs Did not want papal influences –Expelled Jesuit priests in 1872 –Laws made to cut the Churches authority »Weddings performed by secular officials

13. Kulturkampf Cultural struggle between Church and State –Bismarck’s tactics against the Catholics strengthened their support –Think Reformation: What religious group dominates “Germany” and why?

14. Rise of German Socialism Social Democratic party 1875 Industrialization of German –Plight of the workers Workingmen’s Association 1863 – labor organization Influenced by Marx Social Democratic party 1875 –Political force –Bismarck did not trust the party W3-2 sentence summary

15. New Kaiser Death of Wilhelm I 1888 –Wilhelm II takes over (grandson of Wilhelm I) Wilhelm II -political policy-militarism - support for a powerful military prepared for war -Emperor/Kaiser was absolute authority -Conflict with Bismarck -Bismarck resigns 1890

16. Activity In pairs come up with five ways German Nationalism will lead to world conflicts in the 20 th century. –Think about Ethnocentrism Militarism