1. Middle Adult Social/Emotional Domain Mid-40s to Early 60s

2. Generativity  Reaching out to others in ways that give to and guide the next generation  Extending commitment beyond self and partner  May be realized through parenting or other family, work, and mentoring relationships Stagnation  Self-centered, self- indulgent, self-absorbed  Lack of interest in young people  Focus on what one can get from others, not what one can give  Little interest in being productive at work or developing talents Erikson’s Theory: Generativity vs. Stagnation

3. Middle Adult Includes Gen x and Baby Boomers 3 http://www.pewresearch.org/topics/millennials/

4. Generation X Generation X included shows like Friends and Seinfeld. Sometimes considered disengaged, not interested in joining groups, goal driven, to-do list orientated, and have been stereotyped as being disillusioned by society. In 2011, the first Gen-Xer turned 50 years old and the youngest turned 30. Considered “sandwich generation” in America, caring for aging parents and raising more than 50 percent of the nation’s children under 18. (As of May 2014) 4

5. Baby Boomers Civil Rights, Vietnam War, Sexual Revolution, Cold War/Russia, Space Travel Highest divorce rate and 2 nd marriages in history. Post War Babies who grew up to be radicals of the 70’s and yuppies of the 80’s. Strong work ethic around set business hours Now are beginning to retire… 5

6. See an overview of the various generations here http://www.wmfc.org/uploads/GenerationalDifferencesC hart.pdf http://www.wmfc.org/uploads/GenerationalDifferencesC hart.pdf What do you think about the generational differences? Generalizations I know but thoughts? As health care professionals what do you think are some things to keep in mind for extrinsic and intrinsic motivation? 6

7. Populations by generation Baby Boomers one of the largest 7

8. Aging, Generativity, and Self-Perceptions Figure 16.1 (Adapted from Stewart, Ostrove, & Helson, 2001.)

9.  Well-adjusted:  low in anxiety, depression  high in autonomy, self-acceptance, life satisfaction Highly Generative Adults © Anneka/Shutterstock

10. Levinson’s Four Tasks of Middle Adulthood Young–Old Seek new ways of being both young and old Destruction– Creation Acknowledge past hurtful acts, try to leave legacy for future generations Masculinity– Femininity Balance masculine and feminine parts of self Engagement– Separateness Balance engagement with and separateness from external world

11.  Wide individual differences in response  Gender differences in work-related turning points:  women: early adulthood  men: midlife  Sharp disruption uncommon  Differences in handling life regrets:  making life changes or not  role of interpretation, acceptance in well-being © bikeriderlondon/Shutterstock Is There a Midlife Crisis?

12. Take a moment Ask a five people if they expect to encounter a midlife crisis between ages 40 and 50. You personally or another person. Does it happen? Go find matching cards. 12

13.  Gains in expertise, practical problem solving  More complex, integrated self-descriptions  Increase in  self-acceptance  autonomy  environmental mastery  Factors contributing to well-being differ among cohorts © Marie C. Fields/Shutterstock Self-Acceptance, Autonomy, Environmental Mastery

14.  Good health and exercise  Sense of control and personal life investment  Positive social relationships  Good marriage  Mastery of multiple roles © michaeljung/Shutterstock Factors in Midlife Psychological Well-Being

15.  Neuroticism  Extroversion  Openness to experience  Agreeableness  Conscientiousness  https://www.123test.com/ big-five-personality- theory/ © Christine Langer-Pueschel/Shutterstock Big Five Personality Traits

16.  Middle-aged households typically well off compared with other age groups  Contemporary view of midlife marriage: expansion, new horizons  Need for review and adjustment of marital relationship  Marital satisfaction predicts psychological well-being © bikeriderlondon/Shutterstock Marriage in Middle Adulthood

17.  Rate for U.S. 50- to 65-year-olds has doubled over past 20 years  Midlifers adjust more easily than young adults:  practical problem solving  effective coping strategies  Contributes to feminization of poverty Divorce in Midlife

18.  On average, begins in early fifties; can spend one-third of life as a grandparent  Significant milestone for most  Grandparenting styles influenced by proximity, age, gender, SES, ethnicity  Trends in grandparenting:  extended-family household  skipped-generation family  response to divorce of grandchildren’s parents Grandparenthood © Olesia Bilkei/Shutterstock

19.  Increasingly likely to have living parents  Reassess relationships with parents  In collectivist cultures, parents typically live with married children  Children provide more help to parents:  financial and household aid  caregiving as parental health problems increase  helping based on quality of earlier relationships Middle-Aged Children and Their Aging Parents

20.  “Sandwich generation”  Factors include finances, location, gender, culture  Highly stressful:  time devoted to care averages 10 to 20 hours per week, more for women  emotional strain of witnessing parent’s decline  greatest stress for those sharing a household with ill parent Caring for Aging Parents

21. Baby Boomers Caring for Aging Parents Figure 16.2 (Adapted from The MetLife Study of Caregiving Costs to Working Caregivers: Double Jeopardy for Baby Boomers Caring for Their Parents, June 2011, Figure 3. Reprinted by permission of the MetLife Mature Market Institute, New York, NY.)

22.  Gender trends continue: men are less expressive than women  Fewer friends: become more selective, try harder to get along with friends  Rely on friends more for pleasure, family for support and security Friendships in Middle Adulthood

23.  Important component of satisfaction and self-esteem:  attempt to increase personal meaning of vocational lives  increased job satisfaction  Negative stereotypes of aging may hinder advancement Vocational Life

24. Causes  long-term job stress  work with high emotional demands  unsupportive work environment  excessive work assignments for available time  lack of encouragement from supervisors Burnout © forestpath/Shutterstock

25. Limits to advancement  training  glass ceiling Retirement planning © AVAVA/Shutterstock Career Development in Middle Adulthood

26.  Invisible barrier to career advancement for women and minorities  Results from  lack of mentors, training opportunities  stereotypes about career commitment, managerial ability  prejudices toward gender role deviation (for women)  Many women deal with glass ceiling by leaving corporate environment The Glass Ceiling

27. Ingredients of Effective Retirement Planning  Finances  Fitness  Role adjustment  Where to live  Leisure and volunteer activities  Health insurance © bikeriderlondon/Shutterstock