1. 1. What events & ideas influenced the French Revolution? The ideas of the European philosophes during the Enlightenment The French soldiers helping America get their independence in the American Revolution Spread of enlightenment ideas from Americans such as Ben Franklin and Thomas Jefferson.

2. 2. What were the primary causes of the French Revolution? 1.Am. Rev. & ideas of the Enlightenment 2.Unfair Social Divisions (3 Social Classes) 3.Unequal Taxes and gov’mnt representation 4.Gov’mnt Debt Caused by the King

3. 3. Why was the French Revolution so important in Europe? It irreversibly changed the governmental organization by being the first European revolution to successfully eliminate the position of king and grant total power to the people.

4. 4. What is a Constitutional Monarchy? A system of government where the king / queen’s power is limited by a constitution.

5. 5. What was the Estates General & which branch of the U.S. government did it most closely resemble? An assembly made up of representatives from all 3 estates. Each estate receives one vote. Legislative Branch

6. 6. Explain the 3 Estates in French society before the Revolution (pre-Revolutionary). First Estate Clergy (church officials) = 1% of the population Second Estate Aristocracy or Nobles = 2% of population Third Estate Everyone else = 97% of population wealthy bourgeoisie (Middle Class - merchants, lawyers, doctors, etc.) & poor peasants 3 rd Estate paid a majority of the taxes in France yet had no voice in their government.

7. 7. Which estate had the largest population, the highest taxes, and the least representation in the government? Third Estate

8. 8. How were the French taxed? 3rd Estate paid a majority of the taxes in France yet had no voice in their government.

9. 9.What was the Bourgeoisie? The middle class and the top of the 3 rd Estate.

10. 10.How did Louis XVI contribute to the cause of the French Revolution? He failed to meet the political, social, and economic needs of the common people.

11. 11.What was the voting process of the Estates-General during pre-Revolutionary France? Each representative of the Estates-General was allowed one vote.

12. 12. Which Estate broke away to form their own Legislative Branch called the National Assembly? Third Estate

13. 13. Why were the creation of the National Assembly and the Tennis Court Oath significant? It marked the first time the citizens have gone against the king.

14. 14. What event marked the first violence of the French Revolution? Storming of the Bastille

15. 15. What was the Storming of the Bastille and why was it important? It was a prison and armory (where weapons are held) It was a symbol of the unlimited power of the king because the prison was used primarily to hold political prisoners.

16. 16. Early in the revolution, the goal of the National Assembly was to create what form of government? Constitutional Monarchy

17. 17. Over time the revolution became more radical and extreme. Eventually surrounding European nations began to send soldiers to try and stop the revolution. Why were other European nations interested in stopping the French Revolution? They were worried that French revolutionary ideas would spread to their countries.

18. 18. Louis XVI was executed in 1793. This event marked what turning point in France’s history? An end to the absolute monarchy in France.

19. 19. Explain the Reign of Terror. Approximately 40,000 people considered enemies of the revolution were executed.

20. 20. Who briefly became the dictator of France during the Reign of Terror after the revolution became more radical and extreme? Maximillian Robespierre

21. 21. After the Reign of Terror ended what weak government was put into place to try and restore order in France? The Directory

22. 22. What does coup d’état mean? Swift overthrow of government

23. 23. How did Napoleon improve France? Stabilized their economy Set up a fair taxation system Ended government corruption Improved roads and sewer systems Restored the position of the Catholic Church Created a system of laws known as the Napoleonic Code.

24. 24. What did Napoleon do to the Catholic Church? Restored it’s position in France.

25. 25. What was Napoleon’s system of laws called? Napoleonic Codes

26. 26. What was a long lasting impact of the Napoleonic Wars across Europe? The development and spread of Nationalism and other revolutions in Europe.

27. 27. What were the main targets of the Napoleonic Wars? The blockade of Britain. The Peninsular War. The invasion of Russia.

28. 28. Where did Napoleon expand the French empire? They expanded the French territory in Europe. Included France, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Italy, and other lands.

29. 29. After the disasters of the Napoleonic Wars the French were tired of Napoleon so he was arrested and sent into exile to what Mediterranean island? Elba

30. 30. Explain the Hundred Days. Napoleon escaped from exile and regained power of France for 100 days.

31. 31. Napoleon was finally defeated by an alliance of English, Prussian, and French forces. What was the final battle Napoleon fought in before his final exile and eventual death? Battle of Waterloo

32. 32. Napoleon was eventually exiled to what island off the coast of Africa, in the South Atlantic, where he would eventually die? St. Helena