2. How Does Blood FLOW through the heart? 1. Get an Introduction to the Heart Bell Ringer Worksheet. 2. Read the 3 paragraphs. 3. Fill in the blanks 1-9 using the paragraph information.

3. BENCHMARK  SC.912.L.14.36: Describe the factors affecting blood flow through the cardiovascular system. OBJECTIVE  Identify and investigate the general functions of the circulatory system.  Describe the structure of the heart and explain how it pumps blood through the body.

4. heart  The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.  Located near the center of your chest.  Hollow and about the size of your clenched fist.

5.  Atrium (aurícula): 2 Upper chambers of the heart that receives blood and pumps it down to the 2 ventricles  Ventricle: (Ventrículo): Lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart to either the lungs or to the body  Pulmonary (poumon or pulmon): Refers to the lungs  Systemic (Systémica): Spread throughout the entire body  Viscosity: Refers to a liquid’s flow – VERY viscous means it flows very slowly; NOT viscous means that it flows very easily or fast– Water is more/less viscous than syrup?

6. 1.Transports oxygen using red blood cells, carbon dioxide, food molecules, hormones, and other materials to and from the cells of the body. 2.Helps maintain a constant body temperature. 3.Carries white blood cells that help protect the body from disease.

7.  1. Oxygen-poor blood flows into the heart from both the superior and inferior vena cava.  2. Blood first enters the right atrium (RA) and is pumped into the right ventricle(RV).  3. From the right ventricle the blood is pumped through the pulmonary arteries.  4. The pulmonary arteries transport blood to the lungs, where it picks up O 2 and gets rid of CO 2. 1 1 2 3 4 4

8.  5. The pulmonary veins transport the newly oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart.  6. The left atrium (LA) receives oxygen-rich blood and pump it to the next chamber.  7. The left ventricle (LV) is the final chamber through which blood flows.  8. The aorta pumps blood rich in O 2 to both sides of the body through arteries and will deliver O2 to all cells of the body. Why is this NECESSARY? 5 5 6 7 8

10.  When you are sitting still, your heart pumps about 5 L which is all of your blood every minute!  When you are active, your heart pumps about 35 L/min! You are hearing the flaps of the valves being slammed open and closed as blood is forced from the atria to ventricles.

11.  As blood flows through the circulatory system, it moves through three types of blood vessels:  Arteries  Capillaries  Veins CO 2 From tissue O 2 to tissue O 2 to tissue

12.  Large, tough, and highly elastic  Have thick walls  Have thick walls that help them withstand the powerful pressure produced when the heart contracts.  Carry blood away from the heart  Carry blood away from the heart to the tissues of the body. carry oxygen-rich blood,  all arteries carry oxygen-rich blood, except for the pulmonary arteries. aorta  The aorta is the first of a series of blood vessels that carry the blood on its round trip around the body.

13.  Walls are one cell thick  Walls are one cell thick.  Smallestof the blood vessels  Smallest of the blood vessels.  Most are so narrow that blood cells must pass through them in single file.  Bring nutrients and oxygen to the tissues  Absorb carbon dioxide and other waste from the tissues

14.  Return blood to the heart  Return blood to the heart.  As with arteries, the thin walls of veins contain connective tissue and smooth muscle. contain valves that keep blood moving toward the heart  Large veins contain valves that keep blood moving toward the heart.

15.  When the heart contracts, it produces a wave of fluid pressure in the arteries.  Blood pressure is the force of the blood on the arteries’ walls.  Several factors may affect blood pressure.  Exercise  Nutrition  Stress  Smoking and Alcohol  Genetics

16.  Blood Pressure is affected by both cardiac output and blood volume; as cardiac output and blood volume go up, so does blood pressure. Pressure is highest in the aorta and large arteries. Blood pressure in the large veins falls to zero!  Normal blood Pressure is 120/80  Too high and too low is bad

17.  Cardiovascular diseases are diseases of the heart and blood vessels.  THE LEADING cause of death in the United States, claiming about 1,000,000 lives every year.  Cardiovascular diseases develop gradually, so their symptoms may not appear for decades.

18. hypertension  High blood pressure, or hypertension, forces the heart to work harder, which may weaken or damage the heart muscle and blood vessels. It is caused by many factors. The higher the pressure the higher the blood flow. arteriosclerosis  The most common arterial disease, particularly in old people, is arteriosclerosis, known popularly as hardening of the arteries. The excessive pressure damages cells of the arteries.  Atherosclerosis  Atherosclerosis is an accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaque, on the inner lining of the arterial wall.  The deposits reduce or stop the normal flow of the blood through the artery.  Cholesterol is associated with atherosclerosis

20.  If one of the coronary arteries becomes blocked, blood flow is impeded or stopped to that part of the heart muscle and it may begin to die from a lack of oxygen.  If enough muscle is damaged, a condition known as a heart attack occurs.  Symptoms include nausea, shortness of breath, and severe, crushing chest pain.

21.  If a blood clot gets free and gets stuck in one of the blood vessels leading to the brain, the brain cells served by the particular blood vessel gradually die from oxygen starvation, and brain function in that region may be lost.  This condition is known as a stroke and may cause paralysis, loss of the ability to speak, and even death.

22.  Blood viscosity is a measure of the resistance of blood to flow. It can also be described as the thickness and stickiness of blood. Hypertension, cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, and cigarette smoking, have all been positively linked to whole blood viscosity

23.  Normal red blood cells can change shape allowing them to squeeze through the capillaries of the circulatory system when needed. However, sickle cell disease changes the shape and reduces their ability to further change shape. This reduces their ability to flow and leads to an increase in red blood cell sticking together, reducing their ability to transport oxygen.

24. Day 2

25. 1. Grab a Biology EOC Exam Preparation Bell Ringer 2. Provide a GIST of the Question. 3. Bubble your answer. 4. Explain your answer. 5. After correcting, reflect on your answer.

26. BENCHMARK  SC.912.L.14.36: Describe the factors affecting blood flow through the cardiovascular system. OBJECTIVE  Analyze how factors such as blood pressure, blood volume, resistance, disease, and exercise affect blood flow through the cardiovascular system.

27.  Take out your pre-lab that you finished for homework– You may not participate until the homework is complete!  Title  Benchmark  Background Information Gist  Problem Statement  Hypothesis  Materials  Procedures

28.  Grab hand out “Go With The Flow: Factors Affecting Blood Flow”  You will obtain Scenario Group Cards. Your task will be to Act Out each of the scenarios and show your classmates how these factors affect blood flow.

32.  Role of the Writer: Senior Red Blood Cell  Audience: Freshman Red Blood Cell or New Heart Surgeon  Format: Guided Tour or Travel Brochure or Journal Entry  Topic: Your travels through the circular system Using this R.A.F.T. model, complete a Journal entry or make a travel brochure based on your travels through the cardiovascular system.