1. Nuclear Energy and Climate Policy in Indonesia Yanti Fristikawati Faculty of Law Atma Jaya Catholic University Indonesia

2. Indonesia: A Brief Introduction

3. Energy Policy in Indonesia Article 33 of The Indonesian Constitution mentioned that “energy resources constituting natural riches shall be controled by the state, and utilized for the greatest prosperity and welfare of the people” Law Number 30/ 2007 on “Energy” “Energy must be utilized for the greatest welfare and prosperity of the people”

4. Law No 30/2007 on Energy Article 3 : To support national sustainable development and improve national energy resilience, the management of energy shall be aimed to preserve the environment Article 8: any energy management activity shall prioritize the use of environmentally-friendly technologies that meet the requirement set by the laws and regulations on the environment

5. Non-Fossil Resources TypesResources Equivalent Value Existing Utilization Hydro845.00 juta BOE75.67 GW4.2 GW Geothermal219.00 juta BOE27.00 GW0.8 GW Mini/Micro Hydro0.45 GW 0.084 GW Biomass49.81 GW 0.3 GW Solar-4.80 kWh/m 2 /day0.008 GW Wind9.29 GW 0.0005 GW Uranium 24.112 ton* e.q. 3 GW for 11 years -- * Resources only exist in Kalan region – West Kalimantan Source: Presentaion of MEMR, 2007

6. New Energy Sources in Indonesia -Hydrogen -Nuclear -Coal Bed Methane -Liquefied coal -Gasified coal

7. Principles of Utilization of Nuclear Energy National development Safety Security Peace Health of workers and public Environmental protection Public prosperity

8. Nuclear Utilization in Indonesia Medical Treatment Research Industry Agriculture There are three nuclear research reactor in Indonesia

9. Nuclear Policy in Indonesia Law No : 10/1997 on Nuclear Energy that for the safety, security, peace, health of workers and the public, & environmental protection, the use of nuclear energy shall be implemented correctly and carefully and is aimed to peaceful purposes and for the utmost benefit for the people’s welfare & prosperity;

10. NUCLEAR REGULATORY SYSTEM Regulatory control of nuclear energy utilization is needed to protect the safety of worker, public and environment. The control is performed by Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN) through 3 main regulatory functions: ▫ regulation, ▫ Licensing, and ▫ inspection.

11. 2000-Nuclear option & sosialisation 2005 Decision to build NPP 2010 NPP I Construction 2011 NPP II Construction 2015 NPP I Operation Nuclear operation Status

12. Climate Change in Indonesia Indonesia has become 1 of three largest emmitters in the world which occurs from - Deforestation - Forest Fires - Peatland Degradation - Energy - Industrial

13. Impact to indonesia Temperature increasing 0,3% per year (the Hotest is in Kalimantan and Mollucas) More rainfall/ year (app: 2%) with risk of flooding Decreased food security Increasing the mean sea level, which will reduce coastal livehoods The warming of ocean water

14. Nuclear and Climate Change - Nuclear is one of new energy which is environmentally friendly and serve to prevent the emission of carbon dioxide (World Nuclear Association) - Nuclear produced less carbon than other energy - Nuclear activities could be danger to the Environmental (Nuclear waste)

15. Indonesian Policy Strengthen the implementation and enforcement of policy and legislation (legislation is good enough but the enforcement is weak) Expand renewable energy such as hydro and geothermal to replace oil and coal Planning to build Nuclear Power Plant

16. Conclusion Indonesia has to reduce carbon emission Replace fossil fuel to others new energy sources Nuclear is one of the possibility as a new energy in Indonesia

17. THANK YOU Terima Kasih