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Staatsoper - The National, or “State,” Opera of Austria, serving the Habsburg court during the Austro-Hungarian Empire until World War I.

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Presentation on theme: "Staatsoper - The National, or “State,” Opera of Austria, serving the Habsburg court during the Austro-Hungarian Empire until World War I."— Presentation transcript:

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3 Staatsoper - The National, or “State,” Opera of Austria, serving the Habsburg court during the Austro-Hungarian Empire until World War I

4 While grand works were performed on the Viennese stage, folk musicians have always been performing in the streets and in bars.

5 European Unity in Modern Europe  Béla Bartók (1881-1945) –– Hungarian composer and folk music collector http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWVfyjJbZb8

6 Music in Peasant and Folk Societies  Volkslied –– German for “folksong” of traditional European societies, included under this single term by the end of the eighteenth-century  Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803) –– a German folklorist who grew up in the Baltic area of Eastern Europe. He coined the term Volkslied, and the collection and study of folk music spread throughout Europe.

7 The Individual and Society, Creativity and Community  In the idealized folk society, all music theoretically belongs to the community. The total musical product depends on a group’s willingness to subsume individual identity into that of the ensemble.

8 Musical Instruments Various Bagpipes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QoDNgxFabjg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OAQTTgU3tUA Saz –– a lute-like instrument used widely in Turkish art music and spread throughout the region of southeastern Europe, into which the Ottoman Empire extended Hummel –– a dulcimer played widely throughout Sweden and associated historically with Swedish folk styles http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0niJw8ZV2Q

9 Gusle –– a bowed lap fiddle, played throughout southeastern Europe, especially to accompany narrative epic repertories http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0niJw8ZV2Q

10 Musical Professionalism and Social Structure  Periodic attempts to keep instruments out of Christian religious music are among the hallmarks of conservative religious movements. The Puritans, when they ascended to power in 1649, forming the English Commonwealth, inveighed against instruments in churches and ordered that organs be destroyed. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUiYFNIIl8s

11 Music and History  Folk music has been seen as a means of revealing and articulating history in both musical and cultural ways. But the construction of history out of folk song styles has clear ideological and nationalistic implications. The historicization of national music, too, was a statement of identity serving political ends. Is the same strategy still used today? Folk music is periodically revitalized to highlight contemporary political issues.

12 Music in Peasant and Folk Societies:  “Folk music” was an eighteenth-century concept, part of a larger intellectual movement that romanticized rural life.

13 Music in Urban Society:  Urbanization was on the increase during this period. “The folk” represented an earlier, more innocent era viewed through the fuzzy light of nostalgia by displaced city dwellers. In the city, there was an increasing tendency toward specialization of musicians: hereditary musical castes (Gypsies) and ascribed outsiders (Jewish musicians) were assigned the low status task of providing entertainment music to order. Klezmer http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4Hdqi2BYZohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4Hdqi2BYZo Klezmatics http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IRpYbMqPY2chttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IRpYbMqPY2c Gypsie http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pT4IufMeyYAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pT4IufMeyYA

14 National Styles:  More the result of politics than of a consistent and unified history, “national musics” may combine disparate styles and repertoires from different parts of a country, symbolizing a modern kind of unity.

15 30. Romantic Program Music A Czech Nationalist: Bed ř ich Smetana  Bed ř ich Smetana (1824–1884)  Bohemian composer  Early music studies in Prague  Cycle of symphonic poems My Country (Má vlast)  Health declined (syphilis), grew deaf The Enjoyment of Music 11th, Shorter Edition Bartered bride furiant http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqEOn5C9Gdohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqEOn5C9Gdo

16 Smetana: The Moldau (Listening Guide)  Second of the symphonic poems from My Country  River Moldau (Vlatava)  Music suggests scenes along the shore of the river The Enjoyment of Music 11th, Shorter Edition Smetana: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oOxIbhqZsKchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oOxIbhqZsKc

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19 30. Romantic Program Music A Scandanavian Nationalist: Edvard Grieg Edvard Grieg (1843–1907) Attended Leipzig Conservatory Influenced by Felix Mendelssohn and Robert Schumann Returned to Norway to promote Scandinavian music through an academy that he founded Wrote symphonies but preferred small scale works, including songs Wrote many piano works—a concerto and arrangements of Norwegian folk tunes. Collaborated with playwright Henrik Ibsen to write music for Ibsen’s play Peer Gynt.

20 Grieg: Peer Gynt, Suite No. 1, Op. 46 excerpts (Listening Guide) Peer Gynt was based on a Norwegian folk tale It premiered in Norway in 1876. Listening Guide excerpts include: – “Morning Mood” – “In the Hall of the Mountain King” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dyM2AnA96yE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xeDiL3SokY8

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23 30. Romantic Program Music Other nationalists The Enjoyment of Music 11th, Shorter Edition Russia Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka “The Mighty Five” – Mily Balakirev – Alexander Borodin – Cesar Cui – Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov – Modest Musorgsky Czech Antonin Dvo ř ák Bed ř ich Smetana England Edward Elgar Frederick Delius Spain Isaac Albeniz Enrique Granados Manuel de Falla Norway, Edvard Grieg Finland, Jean Sibelius

24 Concerts and the Virtuoso:  Another legacy of the 19th century was the rise of virtuosity. The virtuoso became a celebrity for whom normal social mores were suspended. In many ways, the “Great Artist” was as much of a marginal person as the professional specialist, for whom normal mores were also relaxed: they were troublemakers, attractive lovers, and had the freedom to move around.  Beethoven http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nT7_IZPHHb0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nT7_IZPHHb0  Liszt - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6NEmyjLqA4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6NEmyjLqA4  Paganini - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HY5Nn0XRAw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HY5Nn0XRAw

25 Hearing the Folk in Classical and the Classical in Folk Music:  Listening to classical music selections of any European classical or nationalist composer, including Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Brahms, Mahler, Tchaikovsky, Grieg, Sibelius, etc., students should be able to conceptualize the folk melodies in the art music context.

26 Discussion  How is Los Angeles a multi cultural musical environment?

27  What can we classify as the folk music of our country, and how have nationalist composers incorporated it into their compositions?  Jazz?  Rock?  Pop?  Rap?

28  What types of music might we find in our society which are communal and egalitarian, as are folk music types of Europe, or even Africa or Indonesia?

29 Next Week: Music of Latin America  Read Chapter: 9

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