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“It’s Not a Sprint – It’s a Marathon” GIS 101 For Local Government ICIT Midyear Conference June 17, 2010 Jeff Miller, Dubuque County Matt Boeck, Story County
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Goal of Presentation Describe GIS technology Explain how GIS technology can aid local governments Discuss the creation of a Geographic Information System (GIS) for a local government Demo a real life scenario of creating a GIS for a county in Iowa
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What is GIS? A geographic information system (GIS) integrates hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information. GIS allows us to view, understand, question, interpret, and visualize data in many ways that reveal relationships, patterns, and trends in the form of maps, globes, reports, and charts. A GIS helps you answer questions and solve problems by looking at your data in a way that is quickly understood and easily shared. GIS technology can be integrated into any enterprise information system framework. From GIS.com – June 2010
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GIS Components Hardware – Computers, Servers, and Network equipment Software – The programs used to access the data Information – visualization and analysis of data System – linking software, hardware, and data Personnel – people with knowledge of how to use the hardware, software, and data
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People Locate GIS Champions Everyone should try to get along Leave unrelated disagreements at the door Explain how everyone can benefit from developing a GIS Work as a team See the end goal Recognize and acknowledge achievements along the way Recognize those with GIS talents
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GIS Can Help With Many Tasks Cadastral Inventory and Maintenance Transportation Inventory CSR Calculation Voting Precincts and Locations Emergency Services and E-911 Utilities Inventory for Cities Trail and Park mapping Many more!
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GIS Can Help With Many Tasks Environmental Monitoring & Modeling Business Site Location & Transportation Government Local, State, Federal Microsoft and Google
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Examples of Visible Goals Print Maps On Demand Plat Maps (Auditor’s Office) Economic Development Public Requests Spatial link to real estate data Real Estate information available on-line anytime/anywhere This is expected today – it is not a novelty anymore
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Budget Vendor or No Vendor? Pros and Cons Keep budgeting money Software maintenance Expand services GIS Coordinator
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What is NOT GIS? GPS – Global Positioning System A static map – paper or digital Maps are often a product of a GIS A way to visualize the data or analysis A software package
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Real World vs. GIS A method to visualize, manipulate, analyze, and display spatial data “Smart Maps” linking a database to the map or the ability to ask the map questions and get back answers
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Database Not easy to interpret
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Visualization Easily worth a thousand words
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Types of Data Raster – Grid “pixels” a location and value Satellite images and aerial photos are examples Vector – Linear Points, lines, & polygons Features with attributes Size, type, area, length Real World
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Common Raster Data Formats TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) High Quality No Compression Slower MrSID (Multiresolution Seamless Image Database) Good Quality Some Compression Faster Geodatabase High Quality Compression up to the Administrator Fastest More disk space
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Vector Data Type - Points
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Examples of Points Wells Addresses Stream gauges School Locations Cemeteries Voting Locations Section Corners Manholes
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Vector Data Type - Line
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Examples of Lines Roads Rivers Contours Parcel Lines Water or Sewer Lines Trails Railroads
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Vector Data Type - Polygon
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Examples of Polygons Parcels USPLSS Grid (Township/Section/Quarter) Counties Rivers and Lakes Precincts Flooded area Building Footprints
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Data Type vs. Scale Large scale, small area Cities as polygons Roads as polygons Rivers & Streams as polygons Small scale, large area Cities as points Roads as lines Rivers & Streams as lines
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Data for GIS Applications Digitized and Scanned Maps Purchased or Free from Internet Created by users Databases Tables of data GPS – Global Positioning System Provides accurate locations Remote Sensing & Aerial Photography
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Five Data Layers Rivers Roads Cities LakesStates
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Asking a Question - Interaction
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Databases can be Linked and Related
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Accessing GIS Data GIS Server Local User Mobile User Worldwide Users
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Select by Attributes Select by any Layer in your Map Select the Field you wish to query Then the value you wish to find
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Select by Location Choose which layers you wish to select Choose method of selection Choose which layer you are selecting by
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Geocode an Address Type the Address and Zone (Zip Code) The software compares the address typed against the reference layer (roads) to find a match
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Training Opportunities ESRI http://training.esri.com ICIT http://www.icit.state.ia.us/ GeoTree - UNI http://www.geotree.uni.edu/
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Free GIS Data Iowa Geological Survey http://www.igsb.uiowa.edu/nrgislibx/ U.S. Census Bureau http://factfinder.census.gov University of Northern Iowa http://www.geotree.uni.edu/rsstorm/Outreach.aspx Iowa Geospatial Data Clearinghouse http://maps.gis.iastate.edu/
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Live Demo Jeff will demonstrate how to build a GIS using free data
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Questions? Jeff Miller, GIS Coordinator gis@dbqco.org (563) 589-7896 Matt Boeck, GIS Coordinator mboeck@storycounty.com (515) 382-7327
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