1. Nationalism and Imperialism

2. Europe 1840s: What’s going on? Britain Industrial Revolution Napoleon III rules France France and Austria still at war Prussia become a dominate power in Europe Revolutions of 1848 Industrial Revolution spreads in Europe

3. Nationalism Unification of Italy

4. What are they fighting for? Nationalism - intense loyalty and devotion to one’s country; desire for national independence

5. Italy

6. Small Kingdoms politically divided –Kingdom of Two Sicilies-Bourbon (Fr.) rulers –Lombardy and Venetia (Austrian ruled) –Papal States (Catholic Church/ Pope) What’s the problem what all these rulers on the land mass that is now called Italy? -language -traditions -trade problems

7. Revolution Rumbles Upper middle class, intellectuals call for unification Secret societies form –Carbonari-charcoal buyers Demand right from their separate governments Uprisings in 1830s and 1840s were crushed by Austrian Empire –Italians resented Austria and foreign powers

8. The Spirit Giuseppe Mazzini –Speaker and Activist of Italian independence –Brought the idea of unification to common people –1831 Young Italy Secret society –Considered founder of Italian Nationalism

9. What Young Italy wanted Nation-State- –People with the same culture, language, identity –Defined borders –Government to decide laws, make decisions –Sovereignty-independence from foreign rule

10. Man of Action Count Cavour -Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1852 Politically cunning –Played France (Napoleon III), Austria, and Prussia against each other Gained Territory –Lombardy (from Austria)

11. Hero of Italian Unification Giuseppe Garibaldi- Military Leader –Southern Italy Garibaldi’s Red Shirts- guerrilla warfare –Soldiers were volunteers –Captured Kingdom of Two Sicilies King fled –Garibaldi makes Count Cavour nervous

12. The Spoils Go to … Garibaldi turns over his conquest to the King of Sardinia Victor Emmanuel II –Ruled as constitutional monarchy (1861)

13. Unification… Almost Missing: Venetia and Rome –Venetia held by Austria –Rome under Papal protections France and Austria »Why?

14. War Brings It All Together 1866 Austria and Prussia War –Seven Week’s War Austria promises Italy Venetia if they stay neutral Prussia promises Italy Venetia if they join and win Prussia Wins!!! 1870 Franco-Prussian War –Napoleon III pulls troops from Rome –Italian troops march on the unprotected Papal States and take Rome Rome becomes capital in 1871 All under King Victor Emmanuel II