1. Nationalism and Political Revolution

2.  What is liberalism?  What is nationalism?  Where do we see it today? Activator

3.  Students will be able to analyze and explain how liberalism and nationalism presented a challenge to conservatism in Europe during the 1830s and 1840s and predict what will happen as a result. Objective

4.  European gov’ts remain conservative but that changes by 1830  Revolutions b/c of liberalism  France  Censorship of the press and reduction in voting rights  Results: liberals overthrow King Charles X  Revolutions b/c of nationalism  Belgium (controlled by the Dutch & broke away)  Poland (controlled by Russia, revolution crushed)  Italy (controlled by Austria, revolution crushed) Revolutions of 1830

5.  France  German States  Austrian Empire  Italian States The Revolutions of 1848

6.  Caused by economic problems & voting rights  Results:  Monarchy overthrown  Constituent Assembly created  National workshops for the unemployed (failure)  New constitution (2 nd Republic)  Universal male suffrage  Louis-Napoleon elected president  Sparks other revolutions France

7.  Germany rulers promise liberal reforms (constitutions, free press, jury trials)  Frankfurt Assembly  Proposed a constitution w/ limited monarchy & a parliament  Also proposed universal male suffrage  Ultimately, failed to achieve any of this German States

8.  Multinational Empire  Legislature controlled by Germans (1/4 of population)  Austria-Hungary is created (dual monarchy)  Revolutions throughout the empire are crushed Austrian Empire

9.  9 different Italian states were controlled by different European powers  Revolts break out over independence and liberal constitutions  Revolts are crushed Italian States

10.  Lack of unity!!!  Liberals  Divided between moderate and radical liberals  Nationalists  Wanted independence for themselves but did not care about other minorities Why So Many Failures?

11.  There were few successful revolutions in 1848. Conservative governments retained much of their power. What effect do you think this will have on Europe moving forward? Come up with at least three possible effects. Predict