1. Siyuan Chen (Karen) Motivation and Emotion

2. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Needs  meet your needs with priority (p.351)

3. Motivation All of the processes that initiate, direct and sustain behavior (p.352) Activation ; persistence; intensity Example: I want to study in Japan  what made me want to study in Japan, not in France? How can I reach that goal? How long should I work on it? How much hard work do I need to complete? Motives  Move Needs or desires that energize and direct behavior toward a goal Biological / social / emotions

4. Types of motivation Incentive External stimulus, such as money or reputation Intrinsic motivation (p.352) No external stimulus, but with joy for doing activities Examples: anonymous donation; reading for fun Extrinsic motivation Pleasant or unpleasant consequences following Examples: donation with bearing names; reading to avoid losing TV privileges

5. Biological approaches Instinct ? Drive-reduction theory (p.353) Homeostasis Balance to survive Arousal Alertness & Activation biological need

6. Biological approaches Arousal theory (p.354) Maintain an optimal level of alertness & activation We get bored by school days & we go for movies on Saturdays We feel no fun by movies then we turn to alcohol or drug Stimulus-motives (p.355) Increase arousal level movie; music; video game; alcohol; drug…

7. Biological approaches Yerkes-Dodson Law (p.355) Appropriate expectation for your tasks

8. Eating disorders Anorexia nervosa (p.361) Dieting to starvation, excessive weight loss Bulimia nervosa (p.362) Non-stop eating Think about these: Connections with psychological disorders, such as depression Beauty images, social expectation, cultural differences

9. Emotion Basic emotion (p.370) Fear, anger, happiness, disgust, surprise, sadness James-Lange theory (p.367) Stimulus  physical response  emotion feelings

10. Emotion Facial expressions Can you feel the truth merely based on facial expressions? Do you realize cultural differences on displaying emotions? Do you realize gender differences on that as well? What’s the most frequent social topic among boys & girls respectively? Can you find some basic common facial expressions for emotions? What can it benefit to our communication process? How about other non-verbal languages?

11. Triangular theory of love