2. CULTURE

4. Activities or behaviors Descriptive Heritage or tradition Historical Rules & norms Normative Learning, problem solving, etc. Psychological societal or organizational elements Structural Origins of a culture Genetic

5.  We see the manifestation of culture, but not the culture itself.  We use the concept of culture as an explanatory construct to help us understand and categorize those within- group similarities and between-group differences.

6. observinglabelingfeedbackreinforcing Concept of culture

7. dynamicSystem of rules Groups and units To ensure survival Attitudes, values, beliefs, norms, & behaviors Harbored differently by each specific unit Communicated across generations, relatively stable But with the potential to change across time

8. EnvironmentPopulation densityAffluence (Wealth)TechnologyClimate

9. RACE

10. NATIONALITY

11. ETHNICITY

12. CulturePersonality Macro, social, group-level construct Individual differences that exist among individuals within groups Social psychological framework within which individuals reside Unique constellation of traits, attributes, qualities, and characteristics of individuals within those frames Shared among individuals and transmitted across generations Not shared among individuals Stable across individualsDifferent across individuals

13.  Popular culture: trends in music, art and other expressions popular among people  Like culture, sharing of expression and its value by people involved CulturePopular Culture System of rules that cut across attitudes, values, opinions, beliefs, norms and behaviors Does not involve sharing wide range of psychological attributes across various psychological domains Stable over time across generations Values or expressions that come and go as fads or trends within few years

14.  Video: Cultural Differences

16. Cross-Cultural Comparison Studies Unpackaging Studies Ecological- Level Studies Cross-Cultural Validation Studies Ethnographies

17.  Equivalence  Theoretical Issues  Methodological Issues  Data Analysis Issues  Interpretation Issues

18. IndividualismCollectivism

19. IndividualismPower DistanceMasculinityUncertainty AvoidanceLong Term Orientation

20.  Make groups of 6 to 7 students each  Gather all the students’ papers  Make more comprehensive comparison  Draw conclusion

21.  Design a cross-cultural study with your group members  Include: › Variable › Hypotheses › Participants › Measurement › Reasons why you want to study that particular topic