1. The Sea Faring Phoenicians

2. Who Were The Phoenicians? Phoenicians were people from the area of Phoenicia-2000 to 500 BCE –Area is now known as modern day Lebanon –Located along the Mediterranean Coast (part of Fertile Crescent in Southwest Asia) –Very close to the area of Palestine –Never became a nation; only rich city-states Phoenicians best known for their sailing and shipbuilding skills and alphabet

4. Trading Posts of the Phoenicians Phoenicians became famous for their sea trading –Barely traded on land at all –http://www.history.com/news/2700-year-old- phoenician-shipwreck-discoveredhttp://www.history.com/news/2700-year-old- phoenician-shipwreck-discovered Created rich city-states along the coast (Define city- state)-analogy like Haymarket stand alone 3 main cities – Tyre, Sidon and Byblos –Cities were located 30 mi away; one day’s sailing trip –Would sail from city to city for trading purposes –Increases trade by rivers and seas by doing this Traded many different products by sea –Wine, weapons, precious metals, ivory and slaves

5. Major Phoenician Achievements Purple dye (murex)- used for clothing, very luxurious –Made from collecting snails and allowing them to die –Each snail = 1-2 drops of purple dye Ships and Sailing- incredible ship builders-major traders around region The Alphabet – created the Phoenician alphabet –Needed a way to record transactions –1 st alphabet to use symbols to represent sounds –Greeks would later adopt alphabet and change it

6. Book: PP. 69 and 71

7. Why are the Phoenicians important? Ensures the exchange of products and information Spreads ways of writing, religious beliefs, culture, ideas, art and ways of living– CULTURAL DIFFUSION-Important Vocabulary– Analogy to today?

8. Nubia or the Kush Upper Nile Chased out the Libyans-King Piankhi from Egypt-700BCE Capital at height Napata Later defeated by Assyrians and pushed back to trading city of Meroe Traded in iron/iron deposits and weapons Link with Egypt, Mediterranean and Red Sea and Interior Africa At the end defeated by Kingdom of Aksum (Christian Kingdom) on the coast of Red Sea

9. Nubian Pyramids and Written Language Covered by Aswan Dam In Present Day Sudan

10. What is meant by the following phrase? “We (Kushites) are the guardians of Egyptian values.” How did cultural diffusion take place with the Nubians/Kushites and Egypt?

11. Nubian/Kush Artifacts Pyramid Gold with glass inlay and double crown Red pottery with giraffe Iron and Ivory Soldiers made of iron

13. The Origins of Judaism & The Hebrews

14. Who Were the Hebrews? Hebrews- people that lived in the area of Palestine- settled between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River Valley (part of the Fertile Crescent in SW Asia) –Shared the area with the Phoenicians The Hebrews lived in an area known as Canaan –Area was a crossroads of trade for the entire world –Canaan was believed to be promised to Jews by God

15. p. 73 map and questions

17. Draw a Chart for Judaism to Complete PEOPLEHOLY TEXT/CODE HOLY CITYBELIEFSVOCAB TERMS Founder:Text:Hebrew- Exile- Prophet:Ethical Code:Where Modern Day? Covenant- Define Diaspora- Other Monotheistic Religions?

18. Judaism: 1 st Monotheistic Religion Monotheistic- belief in only one God –First time in history people believe in only one single God Religion starts nearly 4000 years ago The history we have comes from the Torah- religious book of Judaism –Told stories of history as well as laws of religion –Ten Commandments will also be used as laws of the religion—ethical code or moral code

19. How Did It All Start? Around 2000 BCE, God (known as Yahweh) chose Abraham to be the father (founder) of the Jews –Abraham lived in Ur, but left when he heard God’s voice and traveled to Canaan (foundation of monotheism for Judaism, Christianity and Islam) Families traveled for years, to Canaan, Egypt and other locations Trips were part of a covenant –Covenant- promise between God and followers –People promised to be faithful, God promised protection of his people

20. The Hebrews and Egypt Saul, David and Solomon were some of the kings Hebrews migrate to Egypt due to drought –At first they’re honored, then they’re enslaved Pharaoh becomes scared of the number of Jews in Egypt Moses another prophet sent to deliver from Egypt. The EXODUS

22. The Kingdom of Israel Neo-Babylonians came in and destroyed everything, including Solomon’s Temple Located in Jerusalem- the holy city of Jews –Jews put into captivity- called the Exile or DIASPORA-scattering of the Jews –40 years Babylonian captivity until Cyrus the Great of Persia frees the Jews.

23. Solomon’s Temple Before & After the Babylonians Jerusalem

24. What other religions are based with one god as their belief system? Does the other Monotheistic faiths recognize Abraham?

25. Exit Half sheet of paper Name 3 things Phoenicians gave us.. Name 2 things that Nubians were known for.. 1 Name the religious book of the Hebrews.