1. Solutions for Health, Housing and Land ● www.cloudburstgroup.com THE LAND SECTOR HAS AN APP FOR THAT THE EVOLUTION OF MOBILE USE IN INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Presenter: John Dwyer, The Cloudburst Group Contact: @JohnCDwyer (Twitter)

2. 2 Outline Section 1 – Terms and History Introduction to Mobile Technology Section 2 - Overview Peace Corps as a Primary Focusing Lens Section 3 - mHealth Early Adoption of Mobile Solutions in Public Health Section 4 – Mobile Money Economic Growth for the Unbanked Section 5 - mLearning Global Classrooms in Palms and Pockets Section 6 - mLand Finding A Path Forward & Recommendations

3. 3 Points to Keep in Mind Before Going On Fit-for-Purpose A solution does not have a purpose if it does not solve an existing problem. Newer != Better More sophisticated technology does not automatically make a solution better, or even a better fit. Ongoing This is just the beginning. While this paper seeks to spark a conversation, which needs to continue, the technology will also continue to progress.

4. 4 Introduction to Mobile Technology Terms and History Most frequently used terms – see Table 1 for a more complete list.

5. 5 Mobiles and Land Widely Applicable Land is cross-sectoral and “fundamental to a wide variety of development outcomes.” — USAID Land Tenure and Property Rights Framework Land Benefits from the Technology Boom “There is also a transformation taking place in how these projects are conceived and implemented, with advances in technology (high resolution satellite imagery, low cost open source platforms, mobile phone / PDA GPS and location/banking services, pervasive networks) which dramatically reduce the intervention costs of large systematic programmes, where economies of scale, production processes and strict QA are allowing large areas to be subject to systematic registration relatively quickly at reduced cost.” — “African Land Tenure - Where Are We Now?” Presentation by DAI at the 2015 World Bank Land and Poverty Conference Why now? Why mobiles? Why land?

6. 6 Peace Corps as a Primary Focusing Lens Overview 2008 Automated SMS Solution 2013 Automated SMS Solution* 2011 Staffed SMS Solution *Inspired by a USAID project & built on FrontlineSMS

7. 7 Early Adoption of Mobile Solutions in Public Health mHealth 2004: TRACnet Features: SMS, Internet, Voice 2010: Mobile for Reproductive Health Features: SMS 2007: RapidSMS Features: SMS, USSD, Internet 2011: Mobile Alliance for Maternal Action Features: SMS, Voice 2009: Open Data Kit Features: App 2010: mUbuzima Features: IVR

8. 8 RapidPro: From Projects to Platform mHealth UNICEF has been working with SMS systems since 2007, when it created an open source platform called RapidSMS with its partners to support ongoing data collection efforts and youth engagement activities. Inspired by RapidSMS, Rwandan software engineering firm Nyaruka built their own SMS service called TextIt - a commercial hosted service that combined the advantages of RapidSMS while addressing many of the limitations. UNICEF partnered with Nyaruka to open source and expand the functions of TextIt, giving birth to RapidPro in 2014. From youth engagement programs like U-Report to education monitoring systems like EduTrac, RapidPro has become UNICEF’s common platform for developing and sharing mobile services that can be adapted for different contexts and sectors. Source: Adapted from UNICEF’s RapidPro About Page

9. 9 Economic Growth for the Unbanked Mobile Money 2009: Text to Treatment Features: SMS, Voice mHealth 2013: mSTAR Features: SMS, USSD multiple 2012: mHMtaani Features: SMS, App mHealth 2013: PROSHAR Features: SMS mLand 2012: Agri-Fin Mobile Features: SMS, App mLand

10. 10 M-PESA: Mobile Payments Go Viral Mobile Money M‐PESA is a small‐value electronic payment and store of value system that is accessible from ordinary mobile phones. It has seen exceptional growth since its introduction by mobile phone operator Safaricom in Kenya in March 2007: it has already been adopted by 9 million customers and processes more transactions domestically than Western Union does globally. M‐PESA’s market success can be interpreted as the interplay of three sets of factors: i.pre‐existing country conditions that made Kenya a conducive environment for a successful mobile money deployment; ii.a clever service design that facilitated rapid adoption and early capturing of network effects; and iii.a business execution strategy that helped M‐PESA rapidly reach a critical mass of customers, thereby avoiding the adverse chicken‐and‐egg (two‐sided market) problems that afflict new payment systems. Source: Mas and Radcliffe 2010

11. 11 Global Classrooms in Palms and Pockets mLearning Desktop Computer Labs 2009: BBC Janala Functions: IVR, SMS 2012: Ustad Mobile Literacy Functions: Featurephone App, BT 2013: Unlocking Talent Functions: Apps Laptops Tablets

12. 12 Finding A Path Forward mLand 2006: SHEMP Features: SMS, Voice 2013 Automated SMS Solution* 2010: GMU REDD Project Features: App,* GPS *ODK 2013: LandPKS Features: Apps,* GPS, Camera, Internet 2012: SOLA/OT Features: Apps, GPS, Camera, Internet **Mobile app platform

13. 13 Four Points on the Path Forward for mLand Recommendations Further research Innovation challenges, NGO and private sector solutions, and more Knowledge management Develop databases, avoid “reinventing the wheel,” Solutions as foundations Build on and adapt existing solutions, create solutions that other sectors can build upon and adapt Recognize innovation Innovation is occurring in the developing world even without donor intervention

14. 14 Thank you For more information, visit: www.cloudburstgroup.com