1. Caitlin Brown, Molly Thomas, Lisa Melendez, Rossana Dunham, Sonya Waters, Nikola Cole, and Brenda Nichols- Giffin

2. *Should it be mandatory to vaccinate children?

4. 10 million vaccines per year are given to children less than 1 year old 50 states have immunization requirements 20 states allow parents to opt out for personal or philosophical reasons 28 states allow parents to opt out for medical or religious reasons

6. Immunizations prevent between 2-3 million deaths every year Global measles mortality has declined 74% Polio cases have decreased by over 99% Annual deaths from neonatal tetanus have fallen More research is needed on vaccine safety

7. Thimerosal (mercury) Vaccines can have side effects 1-10 % of vaccine side effects are ever reported (VAERS) Vaccines and Autism??? Vaccines do not guarantee protection Natural immunity is better

8. Government Federal US Dept. of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration (FDA)  Safety and effectiveness  Vaccine regulation and licensing State Laws County Health Department School districts Monitor records  Compliance  Exemptions

9. Economic Insurers Researchers Manufacturers Physicians Considerations Prevention Innovation Patient wellbeing Finances Education

10. Society Parents of patients (children) Side effects of vaccinations Health Risks Education Childcare Patients (children) Considerations in adulthood

11. Traditional: Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices (ACIP) Vaccines Autism Begins at birth Vaccination Exemptions: Medical Religious Personal

12. Alternative: One at a time Extensive family history Begins at 6 months Leaves out HepA, HepB, Influenza, Rotavirus, chicken pox MMR

13. AGEALTERNATIVETRADITIONAL BirthHepB 1 monthHepB 2 monthsRV, DTaP, HIB, PCV13, IPV 4 monthsRV, DTaP, HIB, PCV13, IPV 6 monthsDTaPDTaP, PCV13, IPV, IIV, MMR, HepB, HIB 9 monthsDTaP 12 monthsHIB, PCV13, MMR, VAR, HepA 15 monthsHIB 18 monthsIPVHepB, DTaP, IPV, HepA 24 monthsIPV or Prevnar 27 monthsIPV or Prevnar 36 monthsMMR 48 monthsDTaPDTaP, IPV, MMR, VAR

14. Parents need to have some measure of choice and we respect the competent patient's right to determine his or her treatment. Competent is defined as someone who is able to make a decision for himself. They can understand and retain the information relevant to the decision, weigh that information as part of the process of making the decision, and communicate that decision. Autonomy of the individual is well respected Autonomy-The right of patients to make decisions about their medical care without their health care provider trying to influence the decision.

15. Pros Eliminates outbreaks Public health protection Immunizations saves lives Requires parental education & compliance Religious & philosophical objections Not risk-free and harm may outweigh benefits Costs barriers –co-pays & administrative Cons

16. 2016 Potential Presidential Candidates Views "Parents have a responsibility to make sure their children are protected. Over and out." –Jeb Bush, former Florida Governor “Vaccines are an important public health protection and with a disease like measles there is no question kids should be vaccinated.“ – Chris Christie, New Jersey Governor “The science is clear: The earth is round, the sky is blue, and #vaccineswork. Let's protect all our kids. #GrandmothersKnowBest”– Hillary Clinton, former US Secretary of State #vaccineswork #GrandmothersKnowBest "It is irresponsible for leaders to undermine the public's confidence in vaccinations that have been tested and proven to protect public health. Science supports them and they keep our children safe.“ – Bobby Jindal, Louisiana Governor You should get your kids vaccinated. It’s good for them. We should be able to get back to the point where measles effectively is not existing in this country. – President Obama

17. “Although I strongly believe in individual rights and the rights of parents to raise their children as they see fit, I also recognize that public health and public safety are extremely important in our society…Certain communicable diseases have been largely eradicated by immunization policies in this country and we should not allow those diseases to return by foregoing safe immunization programs, for philosophical, religious or other reasons when we have the means to eradicate them.” – Ben Carson, Retired Pediatric Surgeon, 2016 Potential Presidential Candidate

18. The American Academy of Pediatrics: -Vaccines save lives -Vaccines work! -Vaccines are 90%-99% effective -Vaccines are FDA approved

19. “As a society, we don’t condone behavior that puts others at risk of injury, or death. There are no exemptions for Laws that prohibit drunk-driving.” - Robert Pearl, MD Personal liberty versus good for the entire society

20. Courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Tetanus Copyright © 2015, Province of Manitoba Diptheria Courtesy of the Public Health Image Library Rubella Courtesy of the Public Health Image Library Measles Courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Mumps Courtesy of the World Health Organization Polio Courtesy of the Immunization Action Coalition Pertussis Legislation—hard to pass laws in current climate Education—might cause backlash Financial obligation—insurance riders/incentives

21. Seek Federal legislation mandating vaccines for all residents and visitors Limit mandatory vaccines to Dtap, MMR, HIB, IPV Vaccinations for US citizens should be free of charge Proof of immunization is required to receive benefits (SNAP, TANF, or Obamacare), or to receive public education Exemptions are allowed if a medical condition exists as a contraindication Expenses incurred for treatment of these conditions will not be covered by insurance for those who choose not be vaccinated; parents of children who choose not to vaccinate children are liable for damages on behalf of the children or others who become infected BENEFICENCE-do good by protecting society from preventable disease NON-MALFICENCE-be responsible to do no harm AUTONOMY-have a choice yet also take responsibility for that choice FAIRNESS-Protect others by protecting yourself and your children TRUTHFULNESS-be honest about your choices JUSTICE-Hold people responsible for their choices and the damage which may result

22. http://www.vaccines.gov/who_and_when/infants_to_teens/inde x.html http://www.vaccines.gov/who_and_when/infants_to_teens/inde x.html http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/easy-to-read/child.html http://www2a.cdc.gov/nip/kidstuff/newscheduler_le/schedule.a sp http://www2a.cdc.gov/nip/kidstuff/newscheduler_le/schedule.a sp http://drcorneliafranz.com/joomla/index.php?option=com_cont ent&view=article&id=8&Itemid=1 http://drcorneliafranz.com/joomla/index.php?option=com_cont ent&view=article&id=8&Itemid=1 http://www.vaccines.gov/who_and_when/health_conditions/in dex.html http://www.vaccines.gov/who_and_when/health_conditions/in dex.html http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp http://www.mlive.com/news/index.ssf/2014/12/how_do_vaccina tions_work_the_s.html http://www.mlive.com/news/index.ssf/2014/12/how_do_vaccina tions_work_the_s.html

23. http://vaccines.procon.org/view.answers.php?questionID=00160 6 http://vaccines.procon.org/view.answers.php?questionID=00160 6 http://www.news-medical.net/news/20100123/Vaccination-for- children-Pros-and-cons.aspx http://www.news-medical.net/news/20100123/Vaccination-for- children-Pros-and-cons.aspx http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/immunization/en/ http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2011/09/27/vac cines-are-dangerous-says-the-government.aspx http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2011/09/27/vac cines-are-dangerous-says-the-government.aspx http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20476515,00.html http://vaccinedangers.com/ https://vaers.hhs.gov/about/faqs

24. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-managers/index.html http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/default.htm http://www.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/county- health-departments/index.html http://www.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/county- health-departments/index.html