1. Rhetorical Devices Speech Requirement #2 Effectively Utilize 3+ Different Rhetorical Devices

2. How do I develop a strong persuasive argument?  Rhetorical Devices often used in persuasion to emphasize ideas and relate to an audience include: 1. Repetition (anaphora) 2. Allusion 3. Analogy 4. Parallelism 5. Extended metaphor/conceit 6. Rhetorical Questions

3. Repetition (anaphora)  In writing or speech, the deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect is known as Anaphora.repetition Anaphora  Anaphora, possibly the oldest literary device, has its roots in Biblical Psalms used to emphasize certain words or phrases. Ex: “Have mercy upon me, O LORD; for I am weak: O LORD, heal me; for my bones are vexed. My soul is also sore vexed: but thou, O LORD, how long?” Repetition (anaphora) is used often in music and poetry. I'm tired of being white trash, broke and always poor Tired of taking pop bottles back to the party store I'm tired of not having a phone Tired of not having a home to have one in if I did have it on Tired of not driving a BM Tired of not working at GM, tired of wanting to be him Tired of not sleeping without a Tylenol PM Tired of not performing in a packed coliseum- Eminem (Song: If I Had)

4. Allusion  a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance. It does not describe in detail the person or thing to which it refers. It is just a passing comment and the writer expects the reader to possess enough knowledge to spot the allusion and grasp its importance in a text. Examples:  “Don’t act like a Romeo in front of her.” – “Romeo” is a reference to Shakespeare’s Romeo.Shakespeare  The rise in poverty will unlock the Pandora’s box of crimes. – This is an allusion to one of Greek Mythology’s origin myth, “Pandora’s box.”  “This place is like a Garden of Eden.” – This is a biblical allusion to the garden Adam and Eve in the Book of Genesis.  “Hey! Guess who the new Newton of our school is?” – “Newton”, means a genius student, alludes to a famous scientist Isaac Newton.

5. Analogy  a comparison in which an idea or a thing is compared to another thing that is quite different from it. It aims at explaining that idea or thing by comparing it to something that is familiar. Example: Science writer Claudia Kalb relies on the computer to explain how our brains process memories: Some basic facts about memory are clear. Your short-term memory is like the RAM on a computer: it records the information in front of you right now. Some of what you experience seems to evaporate--like words that go missing when you turn off your computer without hitting SAVE. But other short-term memories go through a molecular process called consolidation: they're downloaded onto the hard drive. These long-term memories, filled with past loves and losses and fears, stay dormant until you call them up.

6. Parallelism: Example #1: We see the repetition of parallel structures in the following lines from “A Tale of Two Cities” by Charles Dickens:  “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair.” Example #2: Alexander Pope in his “An Essay on Criticism” uses parallel structure:  “To err is human; to forgive divine.”  the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same; or similar in their construction, sound, or meaning

7. Extended metaphor/conceit: Example: "Hope is the thing with feathers That perches in the soul, And sings the tune--without the words, And never stops at all, "And sweetest in the gale is heard; And sore must be the storm That could abash the little bird That kept so many warm. "I've heard it in the chillest land, And on the strangest sea; Yet, never, in extremity, It asked a crumb of me." (Emily Dickinson)  a comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph/speech or lines in a poem.

8. Rhetorical Question(s):  Example: A very good example of rhetorical questions in literature is from Shakespeare’s “Romeo and Juliet.” JULIET: “Thou art thyself, though not a Montague. Montague? It is nor hand, nor foot, Nor arm, nor face, nor any other part Belonging to a man. O, be some other name! What’s in a name? That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet.”  asked just for effect or to lay emphasis on some point discussed when no real answer is expected.

9. Rhetorical Devices & YOUR Speech  With your topic in mind, create at least one example for at least three different rhetorical devices you could use within your speech.