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Research Paper Tips, guidelines, and examples are included. Keep for Senior Project.

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Presentation on theme: "Research Paper Tips, guidelines, and examples are included. Keep for Senior Project."— Presentation transcript:

1 Research Paper Tips, guidelines, and examples are included. Keep for Senior Project.

2 LINKS FOR RESEARCH Roget's Thesaurus http://humanities.uchicago.edu/orgs/ARTFL/forms_unrest/ROGET.h tml http://humanities.uchicago.edu/orgs/ARTFL/forms_unrest/ROGET.h tml Webster's Dictionary http://eserver.org/reference/ http://eserver.org/reference/ A Guide for Writing Research Papers http://webster.commnet.edu/mla/index.shtml http://webster.commnet.edu/mla/index.shtml The University of Arizona. Citing sources correctly (MLA) http://www.library.arizona.edu/search/reference/citation-mla.html 11 Rules of Writing http://www.junketstudies.com/rulesofw/ http://www.junketstudies.com/rulesofw/ Bibliography Card Templates http://www.learning2write.com/Research_Book/bibcards.htm http://www.learning2write.com/Research_Book/bibcards.htm Landmark’s Son of Citation Machine http://www.citationmachine.net/

3 Writing in MLA format

4 YOUR RESEARCH PAPER’S FORMAT Recommendations here are based on the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. It is important to note, however, that individual instructors and institutions or departments may vary from these recommendations somewhat and that it is always wise to consult with your instructor before formatting and submitting your work. Paper: Use white, twenty-pound, 81/2- by 11-inch paper. Erasable paper tends to smudge and should be avoided for a final draft. If you prefer to use erasable paper in the preparation of your paper, submit a good photocopy to your instructor. Margins: Except for page numbers (see below), leave one-inch margins all around the text of your paper -- left side, right side, and top and bottom. Paragraphs should be indented half an inch; set-off quotations should be indented an inch from the left margin (five spaces and ten spaces, respectively, on standard typewriters).

5 FORMAT CONTINUED Spacing: The MLA Guide says that "the research paper must be double-spaced," including quotations, notes, and the list of works cited. Heading and Title: Your research paper does not need a title page. At the top of the first page, at the left-hand margin, type your name, your instructor's name, the course name and number, and the date -- all on separate, double-spaced lines. Then double- space again and center the title above your text. (If your title requires more than one line, double-space between the lines.) Double-space again before beginning your text. The title should be neither underlined nor written in all capital letters. Capitalize only the first, last, and principal words of the title. Titles might end with a question mark or an exclamation mark if that is appropriate, but not in a period. Titles written in other languages are capitalized and punctuated according to different rules, and writers should consult the MLA Guide or their instructors. Page Numbers: Number your pages consecutively throughout the manuscript (including the first page) in the upper right-hand corner of each page, one-half inch from the top. Type your last name before the page number. Most word processing programs provide for a "running head," which you can set up as you create the format for the paper, at the same time you are establishing things like the one-inch margins and the double-spacing. This feature makes the appearance and consistency of the page numbering a great convenience. Make sure the page-number is always an inch from the right-hand edge of the paper (flush with the right-hand margin of your text) and that there is a double-space between the page number and the top line of text. Do not use the abbreviation p. or any other mark before the page number.

6 FORMAT CONTINUES, PAGE 3 Tables and Figures: Tables should be labeled "Table," given an arabic numeral, and captioned (with those words flush to the left-hand margin). Other material such as photographs, images, charts, and line-drawings should be labeled "Figure" and be properly numbered and captioned. Binders: Generally, the simpler the better. Why spend money on gimmicky, unwieldy, slippery binders, when instructors prefer nice, flat stacks of papers they can stuff into their briefcases and backpacks? A simple staple in the upper left-hand corner of your paper should suffice, although the MLA Guide suggests that a paper clip can be removed and this facilitates reading (which suggests to us that it's been a long time since the people at MLA have had to deal with stacks of student papers). Your instructors or their departments may have their own rules about binders, and you should consult with them about this matter. Samples: A sample research paper (with embedded commentary) is available in the Principles of Composition section of the Guide to Grammar and Writing. The same essay is available on the Guide to Grammar and Writing Forms of Communication page in an Acrobat Reader (.pdf) format.Principles of CompositionForms of Communication

7 Directions for Electronic Citations. Ex. Internet materials page 4 Examples of Bibliography Entries 1. A book by one author: Tuchman, Barbara. A Distant Mirror. New York: Knopf, 1978. Print. 2. A book by two or more authors: Fogel, Robert William, and G. R. Elton. Which Road to the Past:Two Views of History. New Haven: Yale UP, 1983. Print. 3. A work in an Anthology: Chan, Janet. “Changing Police Culture.” Policing: Key Readings. Ed. Tim Newburn. Cullompton: Willan, 2005. 338-63. Print. 4. An edition – A work by one person that has been prepared for printing by another, the editor. Schorer, Mark. "With Grace under Pressure." The New Republic 6 Oct. 1952: 19-20. Rpt. in Ernest Hemingway: Critiques of Four Major Novels. Ed. Carlos Baker. NewYork: Scribner's, 1962. 132-34. Print. 5. Films, slide programs, videotapes, and DVD’s: Patton. Dir. Franklin J. Schaffner. Perf. George C. Scott. 1970. 20th Century Fox, 2006. DVD. 6. An article in a reference book: (ex: encyclopedia or dictionary): Epps, Helen H. “Textiles.” World Book Encyclopedia. 2003 ed. Print. 7. Personal Interview: Persson, Katherine. Personal interview. 11 Aug. 2009. 8. Visual Art. In a Book: Exekias. The Suicide of Ajax. c. 540 BCE. Chateâu-Musée, Boulogne-sur-Mer. Art History. By Marilyn Stokstad. New York: Abrams, 1995. Plate 5-29. Print. 9. WEB SITES: Author. “Title of Article.” Web Site. Editor. Site Publisher or N.p., Date of Publication or n.d. Medium of Publication (Web). Date of access. Basic: Sutton, Bettye, et al. “1800-1810.” 19th Century Cultural History. Lone Star College-Kingwood Library, 2003. Web. 28 July 2007.

8 MLA General Rules page 5 MLA Works Cited Documentation Based on the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7th ed. REF LB 2369.G53 2009 General rules: »» Use 1” margins on all sides. Double space throughout. Include your last name and the page number on all pages. »» Italicize titles of books, magazines, scholarly journals, and web sites. Enclose titles of articles, essays, poems, and short stories in quotation marks. »» When certain information, such as an author, is missing, skip it and go on to the next part. »» Single space after all punctuation. »» Use a shortened form of the publisher’s name: “New York: Morrow, 2004” rather than William Morrow & Company. When the publisher has an imprint, ie, Avon Book, published by HarperCollins, use both: Avon-Harper. »» Indent five spaces or one-half inch after the first line of each entry. Use double line spacing throughout. »» For pages that are not consecutive, such as newspapers, use a plus sign: “192+.” If you have only the starting page number of an article’s original print publication, give the number followed by a hyphen, a space, and a period: “192-.” »» Alphabetize your Works Cited page by author’s last name, or, if the author’s name is not given, by the first word of the title. Numbers are alphabetized as spelled. »» If some information is missing, indicate with n. pag. (no pagination), n.p. (no publisher), n.d.(no date). »» Note the medium of publication: Print, Web, Video, Personal interview, CD, Television, etc.

9 Bibliography Entries Rules, Page 6 Parenthetical documentation: »» All sources cited in the text should be listed in the Works Cited. »» The author’s name may be included in the text and only the page numbers in parentheses. “As Allison asserts (97), the....” Many instructors prefer this method. »» Alternatively, use the first part of your citation for parenthetical documentation. Usually, that will be the author or authors’ last names. Follow with the page number. (Brown and Proper 17). »» Use as little information as possible while making a unique identification. If there are two books by the same author, you must include part of the title. (Allison, Whatever 97). »» When you are quoting person A in who was quoted in person B’s essay, your parenthetical reference should acknowledge that: Allison believes such and such (qtd. in Brown and Proper 256). »» If you have no page numbers, it usually flows better to include an indirect reference in the text. “According to Allison, the...”

10 Works cited (Creating the final list of your sources) Jones 8 This handout provides an example of a Works Cited page in MLA 2009 format. Works Cited "Blueprint Lays Out Clear Path for Climate Action." Environmental Defense Fund. Environmental Defense Fund, 8 May 2007. Web. 24 May 2009. Clinton, Bill. Interview by Andrew C. Revkin. “Clinton on Climate Change.” New York Times. New York Times, May 2007. Web. 25 May 2009. Dean, Cornelia. "Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet." New York Times. New York Times, 22 May 2007. Web. 25 May 2009. Ebert, Roger. "An Inconvenient Truth." Rev. of An Inconvenient Truth, dir. Davis Guggenheim. Rogerebert.com. Sun-Times News Group, 2 June 2006. Web. 24 May 2009. GlobalWarming.org. Cooler Heads Coalition, 2007. Web. 24 May 2009. Gowdy, John. "Avoiding Self-organized Extinction: Toward a Co-evolutionary Economics of Sustainability." International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 14.1 (2007): 27-36. Print. An Inconvenient Truth. Dir. Davis Guggenheim. Perf. Al Gore, Billy West. Paramount, 2006. DVD. Leroux, Marcel. Global Warming: Myth Or Reality?: The Erring Ways of Climatology. New York: Springer, 2005. Print. Milken, Michael, Gary Becker, Myron Scholes, and Daniel Kahneman. "On Global Warming and Financial Imbalances." New Perspectives Quarterly 23.4 (2006): 63. Print

11 Note the spacing and the ABC order. The first line of each entry begins at margin and any continuation is indented. A Sample Works Cited Page [PLEASE NOTE: Many of these citations are fictitious; they are meant to be used as models only.]

12 Here is another example of a Bibliography page. Notice that the page number is a continuation of the page numbers of your paper. For example, if your research paper ends on page 10 then your Bibliography or Works Cited Page begins with page 11.


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