1. 21-3: Education and Popular Culture

2. Education before the 1920s Education during the 1920s Enrollments Before the 1920s approximately 1 million high school students were enrolled During the 1920s, 4 million students were attended high school Types of Courses Before the 1920s, high schools catered to college-bound students During the 1920s, they catered to a broad range of students, including those interested in vocational training and home economics

3. Education before the 1920s Education during the 1920s Immigrants Before the 1920s, many immigrant students spoke some English During the 1920s, many immigrant students spoke no English Financing Before the 1920s, costs doubled from 1913 to 1920 as enrollment increased During the 1920s, costs doubled again, totaling 2.7 billion a year by 1926

4. Popular Culture Newspapers: Daily News and Daily Mirror in NYC Magazines: Time, The Saturday Evening Post, Collier’s, Reader’s Digest, Life, Smart Set, American Mercury, The New Yorker Radio: WEAF, General Electric, Westinghouse, RCA, NBC, CBS As a result of increased literacy more people read newspapers and magazines than ever before. Mass Media including radio brought news, sports events, weather, fashions and celebrity happenings all over the country.

5. Pop-Culture/Sports BaseballBoxingFootballTennisOlympic- Athletes Golf Babe RuthJack Dempsey and Gene Tunney Red Grange, and The Fighting Irish and Knute Rockne Big Bill Tilden and Helen Wills Gertrude Ederle Bobby Jones

6. MOVIE STARS CLARA BOW CHARLIE CHAPLIN RUDOLPH VALENTINO Pop-Culture/The Movies The Jazz Singer was the first “Talkie” 1927 Mickey Mouse, as Steamboat Willie, was the first “talkie” cartoon 1928

7. MOTION PICTURES MOTION PICTURES BEGAN IN THE EARLY 1900’S BY 1925 MOVIES WERE THE FOURTH LARGEST BUSINESS IN THE U.S. THE EARLY FILMS WERE SILENT AND BLACK AND WHITE THE FIRST PICTURE WITH SOUND THE JAZZ SINGER WAS INTRODUCED IN 1927 WITH THE INTRODUCTION OF “TALKIES” MOVIE ATTENDANCE WENT FROM 40 MILLION IN 1922 TO OVER 85 MILLION IN 1929 THERE WERE OVER 30,000 MOVIE THEATERS AND MOST PEOPLE WENT TO THE MOVIES AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK NEWSREELS WERE SHOWN THAT ALLOWED PEOPLE FOR THE FIRST TIME TO SEE FILMED NEWS COVERAGE FROM AROUND THE WORLD HOLLYWOOD, CALIFORNIA BECAME THE CENTER OF THE FILM INDUSTRY AND MOVIE STARS SET THE TONE FOR FASHION AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

8. Theater, Music, and Art AARON COPLAND,WROTE MUSIC THAT COMBINED POPULAR AMERICAN MUSIC WITH CLASSICAL FORMS EDWARD HOPPER, ARTIST GEORGIA O’KEEFE, ARTIST EUGENE O’NEILL, NOBEL PRIZE PLAYWRIGHT GEORGE GERSHWIN, COMPOSER, RHAPSODY IN BLUE AND PORGY AND BESS

9. ERNEST HEMINGWAY, WOUNDED IN WORLD WAR I, CRITICIZED THE GLORIFICATION OF WAR AND INTRODUCED A STYLE OF WRITING BASED ON POWERFUL BUT SHORT SENTENCE- LENGTHS F. SCOTT FITZGERALD WITH HIS WIFE ZELDA, “KING AND QUEEN OF THE JAZZ AGE”. FITZGERALD WAS THE AUTHOR OF THE GREAT GATSBY, A NOVEL OF THE 1920S PORTRAYING WEALTHY PEOPLE LEADING EMPTY LIVES During the 1920's a group of writers known as “The Lost Generation" gained popularity. Their writing criticized Post- World War I American Values Edna St. Vincent Millay, writer of poems celebrating youth and a life of independence from traditional restraints SINCLAIR LEWIS, THE 1 ST AMERICAN TO WIN THE NOBEL PRIZE FOR LITERATURE, HE TOOK AIM AT THE SHALLOW EXISTENCE OF MIDDLE-CLASS AMERICA IN SUCH NOVELS AS BABBITT

10. Lindbergh flies across the Atlantic solo in 33 ½ hours, 1,000 miles of the flight was through snow and sleet, May 21, 1927

11. Audio-Video links http://video.google.com/videosearch?q=LINDBERGH+FLIGHT+1927&hl=en&emb=0&aq=f#q=LINDBERGH+FLIG HT+1927&hl=en&emb=0&aq=f&start=20&view=2&qvid=LINDBERGH+FLIGHT+1927&vid=- 2544029238750140559 Lindbergh flighthttp://video.google.com/videosearch?q=LINDBERGH+FLIGHT+1927&hl=en&emb=0&aq=f#q=LINDBERGH+FLIG HT+1927&hl=en&emb=0&aq=f&start=20&view=2&qvid=LINDBERGH+FLIGHT+1927&vid=- 2544029238750140559 http://www.fanfaire.com/audiofiles/audiogershwin.html Gershwin audio linkhttp://www.fanfaire.com/audiofiles/audiogershwin.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEEaT_UQnVM Steamboat Williehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEEaT_UQnVM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OAlbfZRCvY The Son of the Sheik – Rudolph Valentino (silent)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OAlbfZRCvY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nEk5Uq2vQM The little Tramp – Charlie Chaplin (silent)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nEk5Uq2vQM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-WZRUIfHjo AL Jolson- the Jazz Singer toot-toot-tootsie goodbyehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-WZRUIfHjo