1. Think About It. Write down the things you can remember for the cause of the French Revolution.

2. RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

3. Czars Ultimate Rule 1881 Alexander III comes to power and stops all political reform –No questioning Czars’ absolute authority –No worship outside Russian Orthodox Church –Only speak Russian –Secret police censor schools –Persecuted Jewish citizens

4. Nicolas II 1894 Continues the brutal Autocratic style of his father Industrialization finally comes to Russia –Around 100 years after the rest of Europe –Same harsh working conditions as the rest of Europe What are some effects of Industrialization coming so late to Russia?

5. Marxists Industrial class rise up against the Czar –Dictatorship of the Proletariat Workers rule the country

6. the Bolsheviks small Marxist group wanted to change life in Russia leader = Vladimir Lenin goal = overthrow czar

7. the Bolsheviks if czar was overthrown, industrial workers could govern Russia

8. Russia & WWI Czar Nicholas II hoped war would unite Russia & stop talk of revolution patriotism increased rapidly

9. Russia & WWI Russia was not ready for war Russia lacked: –factories/supplies –transportation system –modern equipment –competent military leaders

10. Conditions Worsen 1915  Nicholas II took command of Russian military Czarina Alexandra ruled at home –Her main advisor was Grigori Rasputin –http://www.biography.com/people/rasputin- 9452162/videos/rasputin-royal-healer- 2080081765http://www.biography.com/people/rasputin- 9452162/videos/rasputin-royal-healer- 2080081765 if Russia failed in WWI, so would Nicholas II

11. Revolution Begins March 8, 1917  Petrograd, Russia unhappy citizens marched police & soldiers were sympathetic the Duma (Russia’s legislature) defied Nicholas II March 15, 1917  Nicholas II forced to abdicate

12. Temporary Government Duma established temporary government –Aleksandr Kerensky was leader many Russians didn’t like this government Bolsheviks wanted basic changes –Lenin was still leader

13. Bolshevik Revolution mid-1917  Kerensky’s government still fighting Central Powers in WWI Russian army was weak & collapsed November 1917  Bolshevik Red Guard attacked Kerensky’s government

14. Bolshevik Revolution Kerensky’s government didn’t put up much of a fight Lenin established radical communist program –private ownership = illegal –land redistributed to peasants

15. After the Revolution Lenin wanted to end involvement in war Leon Trotsky was sent to negotiate with Central Powers Russia lost much land to Central Powers because of lack of strong military –Signed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk –Terms were very humiliating and many Russians object to the Bolsheviks

16. Civil War some Russians disliked the negotiations & their results opponents of Bolsheviks = “White Army” –army leaders –political opponents –wealthy Russians *France & United States supported White Army

17. Civil War Ends Red Army vs. White Army –fighting & famine cost millions of lives late 1920  Bolsheviks triumph 1921  New Economic Policy: plan permitting some capitalist activity

18. the Soviet Union 1922  economy begun to improve 1922  Russia reunited with neighboring lands that had belonged to Russian Empire Became Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) or Soviet Union