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The Russian Revolution
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1917 the turning point of WWI The Russian Revolution The U.S. entered the war
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Czar Nicholas II - “Autocracy, Orthodoxy and Nationalism” Unlike his predecessors, he was weak, incompetent and suspected of being under the influence of his German-born wife Alexandra, and a half- crazed monk named Grigori Rasputin.
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There were two revolutions in 1917: The February (March-western calendar) The October (November…)
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The November 6 th Revolution… The second revolution was instigated and inspired by a radical socialist party then known as the Bolsheviks. Its leader was Vladimir Lenin.
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Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov 1870-1924 Third of five children to a respectable middle class family
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Alexander Ulyanov – idolized by his younger brother Implicated in an attempted conspiracy to kill Czar Alexander III, he was executed.
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We Will Follow A Different Path, Belousov
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Vladimir was arrested and exiled to Siberia in 1887 for participating in anti-government demonstrations
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Criminals exiled to Siberia were often accompanied by their families and worked to improve the land.
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In 1890, Lenin was given permission to enter the law school at St. Petersburg. By 1897, exiled again for his anti- government speeches and pamphlets In 1900 exiled to Switzerland
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Vladimir Ulyanov became a folk legend… All Soviet books called Lenin a genius and the greatest thinker who ever lived.
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World War One: The Battle of Tannenberg, 1914
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In 1915, Czar Nicholas decided to go and direct the war from the front lines Czarina allowed a crazed monk named Rasputin to run the homefront
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Demonstrators gathering in front of the Winter Palace in Petrograd, just prior to the Russian Revolution, January 1917.
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Russian march, mainly women, bearing the red flag of revolution, Petrograd, March, 1917.
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Czar Nicholas abdicated on March 15. The Provisional Government continued the war- a big mistake that led to its undoing.
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The provisional government is often referred to as the “Kerensky Government” because its primary figure was Alexander Kerensky.
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Location of Bolshevik Leaders in February, 1917 Bolshevik LeadersLocation LeninSwitzerland RadekSwitzerland ZinovievSwitzerland BukharinNew York LitvinovLondon Antonov-OvseenkoParis DzerzhinskyMoscow LatsisPetrograd MolotovPetrograd KirovVladikavkaz StalinKureika (Siberia) OrdzhonikidzePokrovsk (Siberia) SverdlovTurukhansk (Siberia) KamenevAchinsk (Siberia) RykovNarym (Siberia)
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Lenin was secretly aided by the German govt to return to Russia
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Upon returning to Russia, Lenin promised “Peace, Bread and Land” …and “All Power to the Soviets.”
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“The Bolsheviks didn’t cause a revolution, they captured it.”
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Leon Trotsky- architect of the November Revolution Seized the headquarters of the Provisional Government; as well as key govt buildings, railway stations, telephone exchanges, electric generating plants Next morning, all soviets approved the takeovers.
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All power to soviets! Peace to all nations! Land to peasants! Factories to workers!
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" Lenin - the leader of the revolution"
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Lenin. October. Power to soviets. Peace to the nations. Land to peasants. Factories to workers.
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The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, March 1918 Lenin accepted Germany’s harsh conditions in order to focus on securing power…the real revolution was yet to come. Russia lost 1/3 of its population, 3/4 of its iron resources and 9/10 of its coal supply plus a huge indemnity to Germany. News of the treaty contributed to a civil war which lasted until 1921.
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Czar Nicholas II and his family were first exiled to Siberia but later, in July of 1918 were killed
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Economic Causes Illiterate and oppressed peasant majority Striking workers shut down industries Inefficient transportation system Food and fuel shortages
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Political Causes Autocracy - weak and ineffectual ruler Spread of Marxist ideas Charismatic leaders such as Lenin and Trotsky Enormous losses in The Great War
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Social Causes Extreme differences in classes Peasants’ desire for land Deprivations resulting from the war
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