1. Biomass Composition
and
Conversion

2. Lignocellulosic biomass
Hardwood (hybrid poplar, sweetgum,…)
Softwood (pine, spruce,…)
Grasses (switchgrass, miscanthus,…)
Agricultural residues (wheat straw, corn stover, …)

3. Chemical Composition of biomass
Cellulose (%)
Hemicellulose (%)
Lignin (%)
Extractives (%)
Ash (%)
Hybrid Poplar
Pine

4. Analogous model of a biobased product flow-chart for biomass feedstocks.
From Top value-added chemicals from biomass report -

5. b-methyl-g-octalactone (whisky-lactone)
Non Structural: Extractives
coconut
odor
vanilla odor
clove
odor
b-methyl-g-octalactone (whisky-lactone)
Vanillin
Eugenol
a-pinene
Flavonoids (Antioxidant activities)
α-Tocopherol (Vitamin E)
Policosanols (long-chain primary alcohols)- improve blood lipid levels, reduce platelet aggregation
Docosanol (C22), Tetracosanol (C24), Hexacosanol (C26),
Octacosanol (C28), Triacontanol (C30), and Dotriacontanol (C32).

6. Non Structural: Ash Corrosion Slagging and fouling Catalyst impairment
Catalytic properties

7. Structural: Cellulose
Glucose: C6 sugar
Paper products: paper, paperboard,
Fibers: rayon, cellophane,
Biofuels: ethanol, butanol, ...,
Consumables: powder cellulose used an inactive fillers in drug tablets, thickeners and stabilizers in processed foods,
Bioplastics: microbeads used inside a host of liquids that require abrasives such as toothpaste or cosmetics, Bottles,…
Chemicals, …

8. Structural: Hemicellulose
Xylose: C5 sugar
Mannose: C6 sugar
Galactose: C6 sugar
Arabinose: C5 sugar
Biofuels: ethanol, butanol, butanediol,...,
Chemicals: furfural, lactic acid used in food, pharmaceutical and textile industries,
Xylitol: used for food applications (sweetener, chewing gums), pharmaceutical and cosmetics (mouthwashes and toothpastes)
Bioplastics: Polylactic acid is the raw material

9. CARBON FIBER (cars, wind turbine, aircraft)
Structural: Lignin
CARBON FIBER (cars, wind turbine, aircraft)
Energy: power for biorefinery
Chemicals: vanillin used a fragrance for food preparations, intermediate in herbicides, antifoaming agents, ingredient in household products,…
Resins, concrete mixtures
Fibers: carbon fibers, carbon foams
Bioplastic: garbage bags,…

10. Biomass Conversion