1. World History Section Five

2. European Imperialism Europeans exploited their colonies’ natural resources for their own economic gain. Europeans exploited and mistreated the colonial people while pretending to help them. Europeans built roads, railroads, airports and other infrastructure only to improve their military capability and to speed up the process of gathering natural resources

3. American Revolution Influenced the French Revolution in 1789. Influenced Latin American Revolutions between 1810 and 1825 Influenced the European Revolutions of the 1800s. All these revolutions led to popular sovereignty governments.

4. Industrial Revolution Fueled by the invention of steam engine Caused rapid growth of cities Child labor, unsafe working conditions and low wages.

5. Communism Karl Marx wrote Communist Manifesto – Stated that laborer (working man) is unfairly treated by bourgeoisie (rich upper-class) – Said that laborer should be equal to all no matter what job he/she performed – Led to formation of labor unions and labor reform Nations that adopted Communist Governments – Russia 1922 – China 1949 – North Korea 1950 – Vietnam 1957 – Cuba 1959

6. Communism Russia – Helped the laborer – Called for world wide revolution – Discouraged religion – Outlawed private ownership of lands or businesses – Sent those opposing the government to Gulags in Siberia. – No racism or social classes China – Helped the peasants – Called for all Asian nations to join in – Discouraged religion – Outlawed opposition and Non-Native influences – Had Re-Education Camps for those opposing government – No racism or social classes

7. Democracy United States – Follows Adam Smith’s Free Enterprise model – Popular Sovereignty ensures that people elect their leaders – Bicameral Government – President – Congress – Supreme Court Europe – Follows Adam Smith’s Free Enterprise model – Popular Sovereignty ensures that people elect their leaders – Parliaments – Prime Ministers – Cabinets – Superior Courts

8. Causes of World War I Militarism – Nations built up military and made surrounding countries nervous and jealous. Alliances – Nations entered into military, economic and political agreements that led them into conflicts that they did not necessarily need to be in. Imperialism – Nations colonized Africa, Asia and South America to gather natural resources and exploit the native peoples for economic and military gains. This also led to fierce and escalating compitition between countries. Nationalism – Politicians rallied their citizens by fueling their belief that they were better than others because of nationality. They also got their followers to believe that they should do all they could for their homeland.

9. World War I Central Powers – Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire. Allied Powers – Alliance of USA, England, France, Italy and Russia.

10. Results of World War I Treaty of Versailles 1919 – Blamed Germany for war – Germany lost land – became Weimar Republic – Germans forced to pay reparations to Allies – German military is greatly reduced – Austria-Hungary is divided into two nations Ultimately Germany does what?

11. World War II Axis – Germany – Italy – Japan – Finland Allies – United States – Great Britain – France – Russia

12. World War II Axis – Germany Nazis – Adolf Hitler – Italy Fascists – Benito Mussolini – Japan Militarism – Hideki Tojo Allies – United States Democracy – Franklin D. Roosevelt – Harry S. Truman – Great Britain Democracy – Winston Churchill – France Democracy – Charles De Gaulle – Russia Communist – Joseph Stalin

13. World War II Axis Leaders – Germany Adolf Hitler – Hated Jews – Committed suicide to evade capture at the end of the war. – Italy Benito Mussolini – Hated Jews – Was hanged by the neck by his own people. – Japan Hideki Tojo – Found guilty of War Crimes by the Pacific Tribunal after the Japanese surrender. – Hanged by the neck until dead for his crimes. Allied Leaders – United States Franklin D. Roosevelt – Declared War on Japan Harry S. Truman – Dropped Atomic Bombs on Japan – Great Britain Winston Churchill – Said England would fight on the land, sea and every shore and would never, ever give up the fight. – France Charles De Gaulle – Led the Free French in German occupied France. – Russia Joseph Stalin – Took over East Germany after the war and made them Communists

14. Post World War II Europe East Germany – Russian Controlled Communism Food shortages Fuel shortages Economy was weak – Cold War begins Soviet Union –V– USA It will last until 1990 West Germany – United States Controlled Democracy Food was available Fuel was available Economy was growing – Cold War Begins USA –V– Soviet Union It will last until 1990

15. Berlin Airlift The Berlin Airlift. June 27, 1948 to May 12, 1949. Introduction. Following World War II, a delicate balance of power had surfaced between the once united Allies: Great Britain, the United States, France, and the Soviet Union.

16. Marshall Plan The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave $13 billion (approximately $130 billion in current dollar value as of August 2015) in economic support to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War

17. Post World War II Japan General Douglas MacArthur – In command of Japanese rebuilding process – Japan can have defensive forces only – Must repay USA for War reparations – Japan had to allow USA to place military bases on Japanese soil USA – Used japan as a base of operations for Korean War – Opened new markets for American products – Took over Japanese public education system and caused Japanese students to learn English as a second language.

18. Cold War Communism – Russia Soviet Union Union of Soviet Socialist Republics U.S.S.R. – East Germany Berlin Wall 1961 Divide East from West until 1989 – China – North Korea Korean War Foes – North Vietnam Vietnam War Foes North and South reunified and became Vietnam in 1976 – Cuba Missile Crisis Democracy – United States – Great Britain – France – West Germany Reunified with East Germany in 1990 – Taiwan Anti-Communists from China – South Korea Korean War Ally – South Vietnam Vietnam War Ally – Cuba Embargo Re-established relations in 2015

19. Cold War Cold war was ultimately ended by – Soviet Union economic stagnation The communist economy cannot keep up with a capitalist economy, so the Soviet Union’s government collapsed economically. – Mikhail Gorbachev reforms Glasnost (A new “openness” in Russian society) – Restrictions on speech and press were lightened. – Restrictions on travel and emigration were lifted. Perestroika (A new economic reform) – People were allowed to open and own small businesses. – Foreign investors were allowed to open new factories.

20. Essential Questions Could World War One have been avoided? How did the new military technologies make warfare more destructive? Did the Allies lay the seeds for future problems in the peace settlement of 1919? If you had been living in Russia in 1917, would you have joined the revolution?

21. Essential Questions What were the major causes of the Great Depression? What factors allowed the rise of totalitarian dictators like Mussolini and Hitler? What were the main causes of World War II? How were the allies able to defeat the dictators and win the war?

22. Essential Questions How did the colonies of Asia and Africa win their independence? What were the causes and main events of the Cold War? What factors brought an end to the Cold War?