1. Using the Tourist Gaze in English and Italian Travel Blogs, Trip Reports and Reviews to better Promote Florence CLAVIER 13 CONFERENCE - November 7th, 2013 – Modena Angela D’Egidio Angela D’Egidio University of Salento, Lecce, Italy angela.degidio@unisalento.it

2. What is the Tourist Gaze? 2 - “Model of perception tourists adopt while performing the practice of ‘sightseeing’ (Francesconi 2007: 47) - Unique objects, “famous for being famous” (Urry, 2002:12), and out-of-the- ordinary or unfamiliar aspects -It is evident in travel blogs, trip reports and reviews a RELIABLE SOURCE OF INFORMATION on REAL TRAVEL EXPERIENCES.

3. AIMS 1. Show how Italian (INSIDERS) and American, British, Australian, Canadian, Irish and international (OUTSIDERS) travel bloggers, reporters and reviewers perceive and experience Florence and Lecce; 2. Outline a model of INSIDER T.G. and a model of OUTSIDER T.G.; 3. Understand how the model of OUTSIDER gaze may be embedded in the translation of travel guides/website of Florence and Lecce Tourist Boards into ELF REMEDIATION, RECONTEXTUALIZATION, REFORMULATION. 3

4. Materials and Methods 1.Five comparable corpora of travel blogs and trip reports describing itineraries including Florence or Lecce a)Two word frequency lists: whole itinerary/Florence or Lecce; 2.Five comparable corpora of TripAdvisor travel reviews describing attractions of Florence or Lecce a)One word frequency list for each attraction; 3.Qualitative, quantitative and contrastive analysis of lemmas/words/semantic fields 4

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10. Conclusions 10 Global/outsider gaze is different from the local/insider gaze Outsiders: 1.Higher degree of distortion of reality; 2.More critical towards the high number of tourists; 3.More analytical and detailed when describing landmark sights. IN TRANSLATION RECONTEXUALISATION REFORMULATION Common patterns of the model of OUTSIDER GAZE

11. Thank you for your attention CLAVIER 13 CONFERENCE - November 7th, 2013 – Modena Angela D’Egidio Angela D’Egidio University of Salento, Lecce, Italy angela.degidio@unisalento.it Any Questions?

12. References Francesconi, S. 2007. English for Tourism Promotion: Italy in British Tourism Texts. Milano: Hoepli Katan D. (2012) Translating the tourist gaze: from heritage and ‘culture’ to actual encounter Pasos 10 (4), pp. 83-95. Manca, E. (2008). ‘From phraseology to culture: the case of qualifying adjectives in the language of tourism’. In International Journal of Corpus Linguistics Special Issue “Patterns, meaningful units and specialized discourses”, Ute Roemer, Rainer Schulze (eds). IJCL Vol. 13, No. 3., pp. 368- 385. Tognini Bonelli E. & Manca, E. (2002). Welcoming children, pets and guests. Textus XV (pp. 317- 334). Tognini Bonelli, E. (2001). Working with corpora across languages. Corpus at Work. (pp. 131- 156). Amsterdam: Benjamins. Urry, J. & Larsen, J. 2011. The tourist gaze 3.0. 3rd ed. ed. London: Sage Publications. 12