2. Characteristics of Urbanization During the Gilded Age 1.Megalopolis. 2.Mass Transit. 3.Magnet for economic and social opportunities. 4.Pronounced class distinctions. - Inner & outer core 5.New frontier of opportunity for women. 6.Squalid living conditions for many. 7.Political machines. 8.Ethnic neighborhoods.

3. New Architectural Style New Use of Space New Class Diversity New Energy New Culture (“Melting Pot”) New Form of Classic “Rugged Individualism” New Levels of Crime, Violence, & Corruption Make a New Start New Symbols of Change & Progress The City as a New “Frontier?”

4. Immigrants Old Immigrants – arrived between 1800-1880 from Northwest Europe (Protestant) New Immigrants – arrived between 1881 – 1910 from Southern or Eastern Europe

5. European Immigrants European immigrants traveled from European countries in steerage usually on their way to Ellis Island in New York City.

6. Asian Immigrants Traveled across the Pacific Ocean usually to Angel Island in San Francisco, CA.

7. Immigrant Discrimination Immigration Restriction League Chinese Exclusion Act – denied citizenship to people born in China and prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers.

8. John A. Roebling: The Brooklyn Bridge, 1913

9. “Dumbell “ Tenement

10. “Dumbell “ Tenement, NYC

11. Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives (1890)

12. Tenement Slum Living

13. Lodgers Huddled Together

14. Tenement Slum Living

15. Struggling Immigrant Families

16. Ethnic Neighborhoods

17. Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”

18. St. Patrick’s Cathedral

19. Hester Street – Jewish Section

20. 1900 Rosh Hashanah Greeting Card

21. Pell St. - Chinatown, NYC

22. Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900