1. Quebec Bridge Disaster Group 9 – Roseanna Doolin, Mark Conlan, Stephen Maguire 07/06/20164A6(1) - Structural Analysis

2. Contents 1.Introduction 2.Design 3.The Main Reasons for the Disaster 4.Lessons Learned 5.Conclusion 07/06/2016 4A6(1) - Structural Analysis

3. Contents 1.Introduction 2.Design 3.Failure 4.Lessons Learned 5.Conclusion 07/06/2016 4A6(1) - Structural Analysis

4. 1.Introduction Canada Location – Between Levis, Quebec and Quebec City in Canada TransportCompetitiveness Purpose – Improve Transport and Trade Competitiveness Quebec Bridge Company Key Players – Quebec Bridge Company Theodore Cooper Head Engineer: Theodore Cooper Phoenix Bridge Company Phoenix Bridge Company 07/06/2016 4A6(1) - Structural Analysis

5. Contents 1.Introduction 2.Design 3.The Reasons Behind the Failure 4.Lessons Learned 5.Conclusion 07/06/2016 4A6(1) - Structural Analysis

6. 2.Design Specifications – 2 Railway Lines, 2 Roadways, 2 Street Car Lines Allow for Shipping vessels to pass underneath Cantilever Span Bridge Solution: Cantilever Span Bridge 07/06/2016 4A6(1) - Structural Analysis

7. 3.The Main Reasons for the Disaster 07/06/2016 4A6(1) - Structural Analysis Or, in Layman’s Terms, why the bridge went from this:

8. 07/06/2016 4A6(1) - Structural Analysis To this: 3.The Main Reasons for the Disaster

9. 3.a) The Technical Reasons for Failure Main Factor: Lengthening of the span from 490 to 550 m  Now the longest cantilever bridge in the world  Done mainly for time and cost saving reasons  Also technical considerations  Larger members  Fatal Error: No recalculation of self-weight  Structure went from 28 to 33 million tonnes 07/06/2016 4A6(1) - Structural Analysis

10. 4.b) The Human Reasons for Failure Consulting Engineer Theodore Cooper Distinguished Career  Impressive Credentials & Distinguished Career  Former director of American Society of Civil Eng’s  Main problem: Located in Manhanttan, New York  Only visited site 3 times, all before construction Chief Site Engineer Edward A. Hoare  Inexperienced General Lack of Action 07/06/2016 4A6(1) - Structural Analysis

11. Lessons Learned Engineer v.’s Project Manager Communication Humility Delegation 07/06/2016 4A6(1) - Structural Analysis

12. Conclusion The biggest cause of construction disasters? Human error! “Iron Ring” 07/06/2016 4A6(1) - Structural Analysis