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Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology The Semantic Web Part 2. XML Dr. Myungjin Lee.

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Presentation on theme: "Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology The Semantic Web Part 2. XML Dr. Myungjin Lee."— Presentation transcript:

1 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology The Semantic Web Part 2. XML Dr. Myungjin Lee

2 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology XML What is XML? Basic of XML Document How to make XML Document XML related Recommendations XML Applications 2

3 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology XML What is XML? Basic of XML Document How to make XML Document XML related Recommendations XML Applications 3

4 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology HTML (HyperText Markup Language) designed to display data, with focus on how data looks 4

5 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology What is the problem? 5 Business A Business B HTML AT Car ID AT-1209232A Price Unlisted MSRP $63,930... ??? Word to exchange information effectively: – use text file, not binary file – use structured document format

6 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Binary File and Text File Binary File – file encoded in binary form for computer storage and processing purposes – Problems Platform dependence Firewalls Hard to debug Inspecting the file can be hard Text File – file structured as a sequence of lines of standardized electronic text – Platform independence 6

7 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Structured Document an electronic document where some method of embedded coding is used to give the whole, and parts, of the document various structural meanings according to a schema 7 W3C Demonstrates … 12 February 2013 W3C invites media, analysts, and other attendees of Mobile World Congress … W3C Demonstrates … 12 February 2013 W3C invites media, analysts, and other attendees of Mobile World Congress … ContentStructure title date body bold1 bold2 title date body bold1 bold2 Presentation

8 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology XML XML = Extensible + Markup Language a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable to be served, received, and processed on the Web subset of SGML(Standard Generalized Markup Language) W3C Recommendation 26 November 2008 8 SGML XML HTML Structured Document mark up Simplicity and Generality

9 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Markup Language a modern system for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text History – evolved from the "marking up" of manuscripts, i.e., the revision instructions by editors, traditionally written with a blue pencil on authors' manuscripts 9 Content XML Basic Myungjin Lee Li-ST 100 Markup Language ＋ Content + Markup Language XML Basic Myungjin Lee Li-ST 100 Markup Content ＝

10 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Extensible You can use to create your own markup language. 10 HTML XML Basic Myungjin Lee XML XML Basic Myungjin Lee Pre-difined DTD User-define DTD, Schema

11 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Design Goal of XML 1.XML shall be straightforwardly usable over the Internet. 2.XML shall support a wide variety of applications. 3.XML shall be compatible with SGML. 4.It shall be easy to write programs which process XML documents. 5.The number of optional features in XML is to be kept to the absolute minimum, ideally zero. 6.XML documents should be human-legible and reasonably clear. 7.The XML design should be prepared quickly. 8.The design of XML shall be formal and concise. 9.XML documents shall be easy to create. 10.Terseness in XML markup is of minimal importance. 11

12 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Advantage of XML Simplicity Generality Usability Compatibility Platform independence Extensibility Rendering as different formats Improvement search system 12

13 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Summary 13 HTMLSGMLXML Appearance199119861998 PurposeInformation RepresentationInformation Description on the Web Grammarlooseness strict complex and massive strict simple and concise Tagpre-defineduser-define Information Retrieval text-basetree-base Reusabilitydifficulteasy

14 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology XML What is XML? Basic of XML Document How to make XML Document XML related Recommendations XML Applications 14

15 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Simple XML Document How to write XML Document – Open a text editor, such as Notepad – Save your XML file as “~.xml” 15

16 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Simple XML Document Open your XML file using a web browser, such as IE 16 Pentium 2.0 512 MB Radeon 9200 Pentium 2.0 512 MB Radeon 9200 Not well-formed XML Well-formed XML

17 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology XML Parser – reading the XML file/string, getting its content according to the structure, and then providing programming interfaces to user XML Parsers for Programming – Microsoft MSXML – Java SUN JAXP IBM XML4J 17 Pantium 2.0 512 MB Radeon 9200 XML Document XML Parser User Program Result

18 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Well-formed XML and Valid XML Well-formed XML – a document that adheres to the syntax rules specified by the XML 1.0 specification in that it must satisfy both physical and logical structures Valid XML – in addition to being well-formed, XML contains a reference to a Document Type Definition (DTD), and that its elements and attributes are declared in that DTD and follow the grammatical rules for them that the DTD specifies. 18 XML 1.0 Recommendation Well-Formed XML DTD or XML Schema Valid XML followed the syntax rules Well-Formed XML followed the grammatical rules of schema

19 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Physical Structure of XML Document 19 XML Document Prolog Body XML Declaration Pantium 512 Radeon 9200 Element Attribute Root Element Pantium 2.0 512 MB Radeon 9200

20 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Logical Structure of XML Document 20 Pentium 2.0 512 MB Radeon 9200 Computer CPU Pentium 2.0 Memory 512 MB GraphicCard Radeon 9200 Logical View of XML Document

21 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology XML What is XML? Basic of XML Document How to make XML Document XML related Recommendations XML Applications 21

22 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology XML Declaration XML documents may begin by declaring some information about themselves. Attributes of XML Declaration – version mandatory to specify the version of XML document – encoding optional to specify the encoding style of XML document default value – “utf-8” – standalone optional to specify whether if the XML document is linked to external markup declaration default value – “no” 22

23 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Element Basic component of XML document Making Rules – Element consists of start tag, optional content, and end tag. – case-sensitive – Content is optional. – empty element – Elements must be ended with the end tag in correct order. 23 start tag contentend tag Element P e n t i u m 2. 0

24 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Element Examples 1. 2. 3. XML 4. XML 5. XML 6. 7. 8. Myungjin 9. Myungjin 10. 24

25 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Root Element There is exactly one element, called the root, or document element. 25 XML Myungjin Lee XML Myungjin Lee This is unvalid XML document.

26 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Attribute XML elements can have zero and more attributes in the start tag. Making Rules – An attribute consist of name and value pair. – Attributes must be quoted. 26 Pantium 2.0 Attribute Name Attribute Value number"3"maker"Intel"

27 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Attribute Examples 1. 2. 3. XML 4. XML 5. XML 6. XML 7. 27

28 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Naming Rules of Element and Attribute Names can contain letters, numbers, and other characters. Names must not start with a number or punctuation character. Names cannot contain spaces. Names must not start with the letters xml (or XML) Authors should not use the colon in XML names except for namespace purposes 28

29 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Naming Examples 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 29

30 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Comments Making Rule – Comments start with " ". – Comments may appear anywhere in a document outside other markup. – the string " --" (double-hyphen) MUST NOT occur within comments. 30

31 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Special Characters and CDATA Section XML has a special set of characters that cannot be used in normal XML strings. – & - & – < - < – > - > – " - " – ' - ' CDATA Section – a section of element content that is marked for the parser to interpret as only character data – CDATA sections begin with the string " “. 31

32 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology CDATA Section Examples 1. 2. 3. if (a > b & b 4. if (a > b & b < c) 5. b & b 6. 32

33 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Example of XML Document 33 ISBNX89-89984-06 TitleXML and XML Web Services AuthorMyungjin Lee Page1000 Publish Data2005. 11. 5. Price25000 won 1. 2. 3. XML and XML Web Services 4. Myungjin Lee 5. 1000 6. 7. 25000 8.

34 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology XML What is XML? Basic of XML Document How to make XML Document XML related Recommendations XML Applications 34

35 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology XML Namespace Problem of XML – pose problems of recognition and collision XML Namespace – for providing uniquely named elements and attributes in an XML document – If each vocabulary is given a namespace, the ambiguity between identically named elements or attributes can be resolved. 35 Welcome to my Health Resource 6ft 155 lbs Welcome to my Health Resource 6ft 155 lbs

36 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology How to use XML Namespace XML Namespace Declaration – using ‘xmlns’ attribute Applying Namespaces – element or attribute name starts with the prefix and ":". 36 prefixnamespace URIxmlns:... prefix:

37 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology XML Namespace Example 1. 2. 3. 4. Pantium 2.0 5. 512 MB 6. 7.Radeon 9200 8. 9. 37

38 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Default Namespace unprefixed declaration of Namespace It applies to all unprefixed element names within its scope. 38 1. 2. 3. 4. Pantium 2.0 5. 512 MB 6. 7.Radeon 9200 8. 9. 1. 2. 3. 4. Pantium 2.0 5. 512 MB 6. 7.Radeon 9200 8. 9.

39 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology XML related Technologies 39 W3C Demonstrates … 12 February 2013 W3C invites media, analysts, and other attendees of Mobile World Congress … W3C Demonstrates … 12 February 2013 W3C invites media, analysts, and other attendees of Mobile World Congress … ContentStructure title date body bold1 bold2 title date body bold1 bold2 Presentation XML DTD XML Schema XSLT XSL-FO XPath Concept Related Recommendations

40 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology How to Define the Structure of XML Document DTD (Document Type Definition) – a set of markup declarations that define a document type for an SGML- family markup language XML Schema – to express a set of rules to which an XML document must conform in order to be considered 'valid' according to that schema – generally to use a prefix :xsd for XML Namespace – Comparing with DTD XML syntax various datatypes and user-define datatype various content model and occurrence constraint supporting XML Namespace 40

41 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology DTD Example 1. 2.<!DOCTYPE Computer [ 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.]> 8. 9. Pantium III 10. 512 MB 11. Radeon 9200 12. 41

42 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology XML Schema Example 42 TVlon 2000 <xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" elementFormDefault="qualified"> TVlon 2000 TVlon 2000 XML Schema Document XML Document

43 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology Stylesheet for XML XPath (XML Path Language) – a query language for selecting nodes from an XML document XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations) – a language for transforming XML documents into other XML documents XSL-FO (XSL Formatting Objects) – a markup language for XML document formatting which is most often used to generate PDFs 43

44 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology XSLT and XPath Example 44 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.Programming XML 6. 7. 1. 2.<xsl:stylesheet 3.xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" 4.version="1.0"> 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

45 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology XML What is XML? Basic of XML Document How to make XML Document XML related Recommendations XML Applications 45

46 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology MathML (Mathematical Markup Language) an application of XML for describing mathematical notations and capturing both its structure and content 46 a ⁢ x 2 + b ⁢ x + c a ⁢ x 2 + b ⁢ x + c

47 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) an XML-based vector image format for two-dimensional graphics that has support for interactivity and animation 47 <svg width="100%" height="100%" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <rect width="300" height="100“ style="fill:rgb(0,0,255); stroke-width:1;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)"/>

48 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology SyncML (Synchronization Markup Language) the former name for a platform-independent information synchronization standard to offer an open standard as a replacement for existing data synchronization solutions, which have mostly been somewhat vendor-, application- or operating system specific 48

49 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) a freely available and global standard for exchanging business information with the expression of semantic meaning commonly required in business reporting According to the Financial Times, "the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in the US, the UK's HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC), and Companies House in Singapore have begun to require companies to use it, and other regulators are following suit.". 49

50 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology References 이명진, “ 소설같은 XML & XML Web Services”, 자북, 2006. Doug Tidwell, “Tutorial: Introduction to XML”, 1999. http://www.slideshare.net/pohjus/introduction-to-xml-presentation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_document http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xml http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_XML_markup_languages http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xml_parser http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-formed_document http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDATA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_Type_Definition http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xml_namespace http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xpath http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xslt http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XSL-FO http://www.w3.org/TR/xsl/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_XML_markup_languages http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathml http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncml http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XBRL 50

51 51 Dr. Myungjin Lee e-Mail : mjlee@li-st.com Twitter : http://twitter.com/MyungjinLee Facebook : http://www.facebook.com/mjinlee SlideShare : http://www.slideshare.net/onlyjiny/

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