1. Skeletal System Part III
Mrs. Smith's Health Notes
Skull
Maxilla
Mandible
Clavicle
Scapula
Sternum
Ribs
Humerus
Vertebrae
Vertebrae
Radius
Ulna
Pelvic Girdle
Pelvic Girdle
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Talus
Tarsals
Calcaneous
Phalanges
Metatarsals

2. Appendicular Skeleton
Clavicle: Collar bone  S shaped, frequently broken bone.
Scapula: Shoulder blade  Triangular shape, felt in back.
Humerus: Upper arm
Radius: Lower arm, Thumb side
Ulna: Lower arm, Pinkie side, forms the elbow
Hand: Wrist: 8 carpals
Palm: 5 metacarpals
Fingers: 5 phalanges
Pelvis: Hips, Sacrum, Coccyx
Femur: Thigh bone, Largest, Strongest, Heaviest bone in body
Patella: Knee cap
Tibia: Shin bone, bears weight
Fibula: Thin bone in lower leg
Foot: Ankle: 7 tarsals
Foot: 5 metatarsals
Toes: 5 phalanges
Pg. 388

3. Axial Skeleton Skull: - 22 Irregular bones - Form face & cranium
Skull, Spine, Chest -- Protects vital organs
Skull: Irregular bones
- Form face & cranium
- bones fuse along zigzag lines  SUTURES
- Only movable bone MANDIBLE
- contains hollow air passages connected to nose & throat
SINUSES :
Echo chambers to enhance voice
Reduce weight of skull
Sinus
Sinus

4. Hyoid: - the only bone in the human body that does not attach
- U shaped bone (irregular)
- Supports tongue
- the only bone in the human body that does not attach
in any form to any other bone.
- suspended by ligaments and muscles.
- during autopsy if broken, sign of strangulation.
Voice box

5. Sternum: Breast bone Xiphoid Process: - Flat bone - protects heart
- anchor for ribs & diaphragm
Xiphoid Process:
- Tip of Sternum
- Doesn’t OSSIFY until
approx. 40 yo.
- If CPR is done incorrectly,
can be broken

6. Ribs: 12 pairs All connected to spinal column. Pairs # 1 – 7  TRUE-
Pairs # 1 – 7  TRUE
Pairs # 8 – 10  FALSE
Pairs # 11 – 12  FLOATING
Costal Cartilage: Allows for expansion of chest for breathing.

7. Spinal Column 24 irregular bones: VERTEBRAE Cervical Thoracic Lumbar
C1: ATLAS: holds head upright
C2: AXIS: head rotates “NO”
C3: can be felt back of neck
Thoracic
Larger & Stronger than cervical
Lumbar
Largest & Strongest of all vertebrae
Major weight bearing region of body

8. Spinal Column Sacrum: - Triangle shape Coccyx: - Tail bone
- 5 fused vertebrae
- fusion begins between 16 – 18 YO
- completes in mid 20’s
Coccyx: - Tail bone
- 4 fused bones
- fusion occurs between 20 – 30 YO
Intervertebral Discs
- Pad of cartilage between each
vertebrae
- act as cushion to absorb force
of body weight.

9. Curves of the Spine Adults: 4 Fetus: 1 Back & forth curves
Curves help absorb shock & protect against injury.

10. Spinal Disorders
Scoliosis:
lateral curvature of the spine

11. Spinal Disorders Kyphosis: Hunchback Exaggerated curve in the
thoracic region

12. Spinal Disorders Lordosis: Swayback Exaggerated curve in the
Lumbar region