1. The New Big Science Robert P. Crease Stony Brook University Catherine Westfall Michigan State University

6. Outline Introduction Old versus New Big Science Dispelling Some Misconceptions NBS is an era, not a research type The Rise of the NBS NBS Funding NBS Research Features NBS Challenges

7. Old Versus New Big Science Large materials science (not HEP) accelerators Justified the existence of the largest laboratories

8. Old Versus New Big Science Large materials science (not HEP) accelerators Justified the existence of the largest laboratories Practical applications (not a show esoteric science/technology dominance)

9. Old Versus New Big Science Large materials science (not HEP) accelerators Justified the existence of the largest laboratories Practical applications (not a show esoteric science/technology dominance) Diverse in content and user base

10. Old Versus New Big Science Large materials science (not HEP) accelerators Justified the existence of the largest laboratories Practical applications (not a show esoteric science/technology dominance) Diverse in content and user base Government-industrial (not military) partnership

11. Old Versus New Big Science Large materials science (not HEP) accelerators Justified the existence of the largest laboratories Practical applications (not a show esoteric science/technology dominance) Diverse in content and user base Government-industrial (not military) partnership Flexibly executed

12. Old Versus New Big Science Large materials science (not HEP) accelerators Justified the existence of the largest laboratories Practical applications (not a show esoteric science/technology dominance) Diverse in content and user base Government-industrial (not military) partnership Flexibly executed Sustainable (slow) growth

13. Old Versus New Big Science Large materials science (not HEP) accelerators Justified the existence of the largest laboratories Practical applications (not a show esoteric science/technology dominance) Diverse in content and user base Government-industrial (not military) partnership Flexibly executed Sustainable (slow) growth International

14. Dispelling Misconceptions

15. New (Like Old) Big Science is an Era

16. Old Big Science Large Materials Science Tools (e.g. BNL’s HFBR or ORNL’s HFIR)

17. New (Like Old) Big Science is an Era Old Big Science Large Materials Science Tools (e.g. BNL’s HFBR) New Big Science High Energy Physics (albeit non-U.S.) Nuclear Physics (e.g., BNL’s RHIC)

18. Rise of Materials Science Not an Epic Battle with HEP

19. Firm technological/scientific foundation Neutron Scattering Light Sources

20. Trivelpiece Plan Director, Office of Energy Research 1981-7

21. Trivelpiece Plan (to support SSC) LBL gets Advanced Light Source

22. Trivelpiece Plan (to support SSC) LBL gets Advanced Light Source Argonne gets Advanced Photon Source

23. Trivelpiece Plan (to support SSC) LBL gets Advanced Light Source Argonne gets Advanced Photon Source Oak Ridge gets project (originally reactor, later SNS)

24. Trivelpiece Plan (to support SSC) LBL gets Advanced Light Source Argonne gets Advanced Photon Source Oak Ridge gets project (originally reactor, later SNS) Brookhaven gets RHIC

25. Trivelpiece Plan (to support SSC) LBL gets Advanced Light Source Argonne gets Advanced Photon Source Oak Ridge gets project (originally reactor, later SNS) Brookhaven gets RHIC (And continued support for Jefferson Lab in Virginia and LANSCE at LANL)

26. The Funding Misconceptions Industry has overtaken funding of basic research

27. National R&D By Funder, 1953-2013

28. Basic Research Budget as % of US GDP

29. Funding Misconception, cont. Big Story is Decline in Military Funding for Large Basic Research Projects

30. Trends In Basic Research by Agency 1976-2015

31. Big Funding Change? Increased support for Life Science/Biomedical Research

32. Trends in Federal Research by Discipline, FY 1970-2014

33. New Big Science Research Features

34. 1.Integration of industrial presence from beginning

35. New Big Science Research Features 1.Integration of industrial presence from beginning 2.Scope and complexity of interdisciplinary networks

36. New Big Science Research Features 1.Integration of industrial presence from beginning 2.Scope and complexity of interdisciplinary networks 3.The octopoidal character of research networks

37. New Big Science Research Features 1.Integration of industrial presence from beginning 2.Scope and complexity of interdisciplinary networks 3.The octopoidal character of research networks 4.Multistability of techniques

38. New Big Science Research Features 1.Integration of industrial presence from beginning 2.Scope and complexity of interdisciplinary networks 3.The octopoidal character of research networks 4.Multistability of techniques 5.Proliferation of subfacilities

39. New Big Science Research Features 1.Integration of industrial presence from beginning 2.Scope and complexity of interdisciplinary networks 3.The octopoidal character of research networks 4.Multistability of techniques 5.Proliferation of subfacilities 6.Krinsky Effect

40. New Big Science Research Features 1.Integration of industrial presence from beginning 2.Scope and complexity of interdisciplinary networks 3.The octopoidal character of research networks 4.Multistability of techniques 5.Proliferation of subfacilities 6.Krinsky Effect 7.Regulation

41. New Big Science Research Features 1.Integration of industrial presence from beginning 2.Scope and complexity of interdisciplinary networks 3.The octopoidal character of research networks 4.Multistability of techniques 5.Proliferation of subfacilities 6.Krinsky Effect 7.Regulation 8.Formation of Knowledge

42. Challenges of the New Big Science For Managers/Researchers Intellectual Property Timely Access Presenting the Political Case Presenting the Scientific Case

43. Challenges of the New Big Science For Historians What research was carried out at each port, with what instruments, associated with what work at other ports? How long did each research program last? How was it funded? With what industrial/academic/other collaborators? With what applications? Associated prizes, grants, publications, patents, educational programs (high school and summer school programs, undergraduate and graduate theses served, Westinghouse awards), etc.

44. The New Big Science Robert P. Crease Stony Brook University Catherine Westfall Michigan State University

45. Biomineral Imaging

46. COMPUTATION BNL facilities within the structure of science SBMS! ECO/TAP NSLS AGS/RHIC PET MRI STEM LHC/ATLAS 10 8 cm 10 -13 cm 1 cm stars earth nuclei quarks Chromo - world Gravity - world Electro - world cells proteins atoms organisms climate societies behavior materials QGP dna Complexity Scale