1. PIP-II Cryogenics Arkadiy Klebaner and Jay Theilacker PIP-II Collaboration Meeting 9 November 2015

2. Outline Scope of work Requirements System architecture Cryoplant Distribution system components Auxiliary systems Summary 11/9/2015Klebaner and Theilacker | PIP-II Cryogenics2

3. Scope of Work Design, procurement, installation, testing and commissioning of the PIP-II cryogenic system including: –Cryogenic plant (compressor system, cold boxes, controls, etc.) –Cryogenic Distribution system (distribution boxes, transfer lines, bayonet boxes, etc.) –Auxiliary systems (liquid and gas storage, purification equipment, etc.) 11/9/2015Klebaner and Theilacker | PIP-II Cryogenics3

4. Requirements Flow Down PIP-II Reference Design Report Fermilab Work Smart Standards –FESHM –QA Manual Fermilab Engineering Manual Cryomodules FRS 11/9/2015Klebaner and Theilacker | PIP-II Cryogenics4 PIP-II Cryogenic System Requirements

5. Key Requirements Project Key Performance Parameters and Physics Requirements shall be met Operating modes: –Linac operating in the CW mode –Linac operating in the pulsed mode –Maximum heat load –Linac maintained at 2.0 K in the standby mode –Linac maintained at 4.5 K in standby mode –Linac cool-down and warm-up Support cool-down and warm-up of the Linac in < 20 days 11/9/2015Klebaner and Theilacker | PIP-II Cryogenics5

6. Key Requirements (2) Heat Load  Cavity helium pressure: 31 mbar Cavity helium pressure stability: ± 0.2 mbar Expected availability during scheduled beam operation: 98% Allow for independent commissioning of cryomodules Accommodate upgradeability in terms of future addition of cryomodules and cryogenic cooling capacity, and operation at higher accelerating gradient 11/9/2015Klebaner and Theilacker | PIP-II Cryogenics6 PIP-II Cryogenic System Capacity, [W]70 K5 K2 K Nominal 6,5001,4002,500 Maximum* 8,4501,8202,875 * - maximum capacity includes uncertainty factors

7. PIP-II Cryogenic System Architecture Fully segmented Linac Single cold box with turbines and cold compressors Distribution box located in a refrigerator room Cryogenic transfer line with bayonet cans that runs parallel to the cryomodules 11/9/2015Klebaner and Theilacker | PIP-II Cryogenics7

8. Cryoplant Cryogenic plant is 3 kW at 2 K plus shields - hybrid cycle  (~14 kW @ 4.5K equivalent) Procured from industry. Similar to the currently procured ESS cryoplant The largest single cost element of the PIP-II cryo system Typically a long lead procurement item for a DOE project 11/9/2015Klebaner and Theilacker | PIP-II Cryogenics8 hybrid cycle sample

9. Helium Compression Options 11/9/2015Klebaner and Theilacker | PIP-II Cryogenics9 Pure cold compression versus hybrid –Pure cold compression cycle compresses cold helium in a series of cold compressors from cavity pressure (31 mbar) to slightly greater than atmospheric pressure. Cycle requires exclusively cold compressors which are hydrodynamic machines for the required PIP-II capacity –Hybrid compression cycle utilizes a series of cold hydrodynamic machines to compress helium up to about ½ atmosphere. The rest of the compression is achieved using a warm positive displacement machine. The machine is specially designed to ensure reliable operation with sub- atmospheric helium

10. Cycle Comparison 11/9/2015Klebaner and Theilacker | PIP-II Cryogenics10 Cold Compression No need to have sub-atmospheric warm compressor Limited capability –Limited temperature range –Limited heat load range. Requires use of resistive heating for operation in off-design mode CHL-I and II/Jlab SNS/ORNL LCLS-II/SLAC Hybrid Compression High dynamic range –Various temperature levels –Various heat load High efficiency in off-design mode without resistive heating Using positive displacement machine CERN/LHC CMTF/Fermilab ESS Tore Supra XFEL/DESY 8

11. 11/9/2015Klebaner and Theilacker | PIP-II Cryogenics11 5 Heat Load WVC CC Multistage cold compressors – cryogenic compression cycle Heat Load CC Cold compressors in series with warm compressor – hybrid pumping surge limit choke limit mass flow rate pressure ratio interstage pressure volumetric flow rate T He = 2.0 K T He = 1.9 K T He = 1.8 K Cold vs Warm Compression

12. Capacity Turndown 11/9/2015Klebaner and Theilacker | PIP-II Cryogenics12 6 Cryogenic Pumping pressure ratio ≈ const Hybrid Pumping pressure ratio is variable Mass flow range Q = M × H vap Q – Heat Load; M – Mass Flow Rate; H vap – Heat of Vaporization “Cold” cycle (T He = 2.0 K): M/M design = 75% … 100% Q/Q design = 75% … 100% “Hybrid” cycle (T He = 2.0 K): M/M design = 50% … 100% Q/Q design = 50% … 100%

13. Temperature Reduction Capabilities 6/16/15Presenter | Presentation Title13 7 T He = 1.92 K p suc = 2450 Pa T He = 2.0 K p suc = 3130 Pa T He = 1.96 K p suc = 2780 Pa Cryogenic pumping:Hybrid pumping: T He = 2.0 K p suc = 3130 Pa T He = 1.8 K p suc = 1640 Pa T He = 1.9 K p suc = 2300 Pa supporting 1.8 K … 2.0 K temperature levels 1.9 K temperature level cannot be achieved

14. Cryoplant Procurement Cryoplant acquisition along with its installation and commissioning will be a collaborative effort between BARC- VC and Fermilab A single contract will be issued to industry to supply two identical superfluid cryogenic plants – one for BARC-VC and one for Fermilab The RFP will be issued through the Fermilab procurement system MIE contract to supply/provide –Engineering Services –Equipment –On-site services 11/9/2015Klebaner and Theilacker | PIP-II Cryogenics14

15. Vendor Supplied Equipment Two helium warm compressors Single sub-atmospheric warm compressor Compressor oil removal system Motor control centers and variable frequency drives Gas management panel (GMP) A single cold box (vacuum vessel, heat exchangers, turbines, valves, etc.) Three cold compressors A purge panel Plant control system Plant instrumentation Built-in acceptance test cryostat (test box) Commissioning services Engineering, safety and operational documentation Klebaner and Theilacker | PIP-II Cryogenics1511/9/2015

16. What We Need to Provide Compressor and refrigerator buildings - new Warm and cold interconnect piping – new Auxiliary systems – new and reused from the Tevatron Engineering and technical services – BARC and Fermilab 11/9/2015Klebaner and Theilacker | PIP-II Cryogenics16

17. Schedule and Milestones 11/9/2015Klebaner and Theilacker | PIP-II Cryogenics17

18. Distribution Box Distribution Box (DB) receives all cryogens from the Cryoplant and distributes them via transferline to Cryomodules, and subsequently returns back all helium gas used during steady state and transient operating conditions including purification, cooldown, warmup, and all other operating modes Connection of the DB to the transfer line is a welded connection Connection of the DB to the Cryoplant is via removable vacuum insulated transfer tubes (U-tubes) The DB also houses safety relief, control and isolation valves and instruments 11/9/2015Klebaner and Theilacker | PIP-II Cryogenics18

19. Distribution Box – Fermilab CMTF 11/9/2015Klebaner and Theilacker | PIP-II Cryogenics19

20. Cryogenic Transfer Line Compound vacuum insulated cryogenic transfer line transfers helium from the distribution box to cryomodule bayonet can, and eventually to the cavities 11/9/2015Klebaner and Theilacker | PIP-II Cryogenics20 Support Assembly Aluminum Extrusion G-10 Tubes Support Assembly

21. Cryomodules Bayonet Can 11/9/2015Klebaner and Theilacker | PIP-II Cryogenics21 Cryomodule bayonet can allows to distribute cryogens to individual cryomodules from main transfer line Cryomodules are connected to the bayonet cans via U-tubes

22. Cryogenic Transfer Line with Bayonet Can 11/9/2015Klebaner and Theilacker | PIP-II Cryogenics22

23. Auxiliary Systems Initial system purification equipment - reuse from the Tevatron Warm helium storage tanks – reuse from the Tevatron Liquid helium dewar - reuse from the Tevatron Helium recovery system - new Initial system purification equipment - reuse from the Tevatron 11/9/2015Klebaner and Theilacker | PIP-II Cryogenics23

24. Nine Months Outlook Interface Control Document Naming Convention System Block Diagram Preliminary PFD Preliminary Valve and Instrument List Distribution Box Functional Analysis Bayonet Box Functional Analysis Cryomodule Bayonet Boxes P&ID Site Layout of Cryogenic Distribution Lines Pressure drop calculations Preliminary relief valves calculations Preliminary piping layout Components List with cost Information 11/9/2015Klebaner and Theilacker | PIP-II Cryogenics24 Engineering effort on the PIP-II cryogenic system will be accelerated with help from two colleagues from BARC that joined our group recently

25. Summary Cryogenic System scope is defined Cryogenic plant is one of three major components of the system The plant is typically a long lead procurement item and is a subject an early acquisition Cryoplant FRS is released Work with Indian Collaboration on the cryoplant has started 11/9/2015Klebaner and Theilacker | PIP-II Cryogenics25