1. The Renaissance Chapter 19

2. Section One: The Italian Renaissance 1. Explain trade between Asia and Europe The silk road reopens Trade increases New products appeared 2. Who was Marco Polo? Became a government official by Kublai Khan Spent 20 years in Asia, but from Venice, Italy He wrote about Asia and shared his experiences with Europeans, making them want to go to and get things from Asia, thus increasing trade

3. The Italian Renaissance 3. Why were Italian cities important to trade? Florence, Genoa, Milan and Venice are important because: 1. it had ports on the Mediterranean Sea and the merchant ships brought in spices and luxuries from Asia in to the harbors 2. manufacturing centers, they each specialized in a specific craft 4. What was important about Florence? Began with wool trade Banking increased that wealth The Medici family become a wealthy banking family

4. The Italian Renaissance 5. What does Renaissance mean and why did it start? Means “rebirth” Refers to the period that followed Europe’s Middle Ages Interest in art and literature revived, especially in ancient Greek and Roman works 6. What is humanism? Describe it. It is a way of thinking and learning that stresses the importance of human abilities and actions They liked to explore human activities rather than the physical world or the nature of God

5. The Italian Renaissance 7. What is Dante Alighieri known for? A politician and poet He wrote in Italian, which was important because everything before him was in Latin, he was showing Italian was as important as Latin 8. What was Niccolo Machiavelli known for? Italian writer and politician Wrote “The Prince” that gave leaders advice on how they should rule He said leaders had to be ruthless to be successful

6. The Italian Renaissance 9. Describe the new Italian art Realistic people Studied the human body and drew what they saw New technique called “perspective” (a way of showing depth and distance on a flat surface 10. What is Michelangelo known for? He designed buildings, wrote poetry, carved sculptures, painted magnificent pictures Sistine Chapel in the Vatican

7. Italian Renaissance and Beyond Italy 11. What is Leonardo da Vinci famous for? He was an expert painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, engineer, town planner and mapmaker Mona Lisa 12. What improvements were made in mathematics and the sciences during the Renaissance Symbols for squareroot and positive and negative number signs Used mathematics to build stronger buildings Studied astronomy, learned the earth goes around the sun

8. The Renaissance Beyond Italy 13. What changes were made in education during the Renaissance? Students studied religion still, but also studied humanities Scholar Petrarch taught to study history and learn from it 14. Who was Johann Gutenburg and what is he famous for? Developed a printing press that used moveable type More books could become available so more people could learn!!! Hooray! We are getting smarter!

9. The Renaissance Beyond Italy 15. What is Christian humanism? A blend of humanist and religious ideas 16. Who was Desiderius Eramus? A Dutch priest Criticized the corrupt church Said rituals were useless, instead people should concentrate on devotion to God and teachings of Jesus

10. The Renaissance Beyond Italy 17. What is Albrecht Durer known for? Famous artist of Germany Studied human anatomy so he could paint people more realistically 18. Who was Miguel de Cervantes? Wrote Don Quixote in Spain Poked fun of the romantic tales of the Middle Ages

11. The Reformation of Christianity 19. What is William Shakespeare known for? English play writer and poet Had a theater in London to perform his plays in Written in English and about humanity 20. What was the reformation? A reform movement against the Roman Catholic Church Many people didn’t like how the Catholic church was getting money and getting rich

12. The Reformation of Christianity 21. What was the Catholic Church doing to make people upset? Churches were selling “indulgences” (a document given by the pope that excused a person from penalties for the sins that he or she had committed) People thought the church was allowing people to buy their way in to heaven 22. What did Martin Luther do? He was a Catholic priest Asked for reformation of the Catholic church, and was excommunicated for it Started his own church

13. The Reformation of Christianity 23. Who are the Protestants? This is the new Christian belief that protested against the Roman Catholic church Taught anyone can have a direct relationship with God, didn’t need priests to talk to God for them Live as the Bible says, not priests or the pope 24. Who was John Calvin and what did the other reformers believe? Reformer Taught predestination (the idea that God knew who would be saved even before they were born and nothing you could do in life could change that) Still had to live a good life and obey God’s laws

14. The Reformation of Christianity 25. What was the Catholic reformation? The Catholic church’s effort to stop the spread of Protestantism and to reform the Catholic Church from within Also known as the Counter reformation 26. Who were the Jesuits and how did the Catholic church reform? The Jesuits were a religious order created to serve the pope and the church The Catholic church created the Jesuits and other religious orders to turn people against the Protestantism and back to the Catholic church

15. The Reformation of Christianity 27. What was the Council of Trent? A meeting of church officials in Trent, Italy Clergy from across Europe came to discuss, debate, and eventually reform Catholic teachings Set out to punish Protestant leaders as heretics 28. What did the Catholic missionaries do? Travelled to foreign countries to spread their faith Went to Africa, Asia, and America Baptized millions of people around the world

16. The Reformation of Christianity 29. What were the religious wars? Wars throughout Europe between the Roman Catholic Church and the Protestants 30. How did the reformation change things socially? People began to govern their own churches They also decided to start to govern their own towns as well, so churches were running towns

17. The reformation of Christianity 31. What is federalism? Sharing of power between local governments and a strong central government