1. Gravity Lock: Next Generation Auto Theft Prevention System using Smart Gravitational Lock, Cryptographic Keyless Entry, Touch screen Ignition, Ubiquitous Vehicle Tracking, GPS Fencing and Remote Fuel Cut-off

2. Agenda Aim Block Diagram Working ARM Cortex M3 ARM7 Vs Cortex-M3
LPC1300
QVGA TFT Color Touchscreen Display
GPS
3 Axis Digital MEMS Magnetometer
3 Axis Digital MEMS Accelerometer
IEEE Radio
IEEE Network
DC Servo Motor
GSM
LPCXpresso IDE
Project Advantage
Software Used
Abbreviations

3. Aim
To design a next generation vehicle theft prevention system with the following features….
Smart Gravitational Lock
Cryptographic Keyless Entry
Touchscreen Ignition
Adjustable Motion Alarm Sensitivity
Ubiquitous Vehicle Tracking
Car Finder
GPS Fencing
Remote Fuel Cut-off

4. Block Diagram MEMS Accelerometer EEPROM I²C IEEE 802.15.4 Transceiver
SPI-1
I²C
GPIO
Push Button

5. Touch screen Controller Fuel Valve Control Servo Motor
Block Diagram
GPS Satellites
Color TFT LCD Display
DC Motor
GPS Receiver
UART-1
GPIO
PWM
MEMS Magnetometer
SPI-2
I²C
Touch screen Controller
MEMS Accelerometer
Touchscreen
I²C
PWM
SPI-1
UART-2
GPIO
GPIO
Fuel Valve Control Servo Motor
IEEE Transceiver
Buzzer
GSM Cellular Modem
LED Headlight Lamp

6. Working - 1
Smart Gravitational Lock – The system is armed automatically when the driver moves away from the vehicle. It is disarmed only when a specific gesture is made in the hand-held wireless key fob. The 3D gesture is made in mid-air and can be reprogrammed by the user on the fly. The air gesture is recognized using a 3-axis MEMS Accelerometer that senses the gravitational force exerted upon it. A stolen keyfob thus cannot be used to enter into the vehicle without performing the secret gesture. The password is stored in an external non-volatile serial EEPROM memory.
Cryptographic Keyless Entry – If the gesture is valid the keyfob transmits a unique encrypted code that changes every time when this gesture is made. RC4 Stream Cipher Cryptographic algorithm ensures the safety of the data transmitted. The keyfob communicates with automotive vehicle unit using IEEE wireless networking protocol. This prevents thieves from detecting the static codes which were used in older keyless entry systems. The wireless packets are also used to measure the proximity of the keyfob to the vehicle.

7. Working - 2
Touchscreen Ignition – A dual layer keying approach is followed during vehicle ignition process. This consists of software and hardware keys. A unique touch gesture is made on the 65K Color Touchscreen TFT Display that acts as the software key. The system verifies this and then accepts the hardware key which is the actual keyfob normally used. This feature can be temporarily disabled and enabled via SMS sent by the owner. This is useful in situations such as when someone (like a mechanic) other than the owner wants to handle the vehicle and the owner does not want the other person to know the secret onscreen password. A serial EEPROM memory is used to store the password.
Adjustable Motion Alarm Sensitivity – The vehicle unit constantly monitors the vehicle motion after being armed (locked). The integrated motion sensing subsystem measures the vehicles three dimensional position and detects any unauthorized motion if the vehicles is moved or tilted that exceeds a threshold level. The sensitivity of this function can be adjusted on the touchscreen display GUI to effectively avoid any false warnings that are common with existing vehicle security systems. When someone tries to break into the vehicle forcibly, the alarm triggers the siren and head lamps and sends an SMS to the owner.

8. Working - 3
Ubiquitous Vehicle Tracking – GPS and GSM technologies enable the vehicle owners to track and monitor the vehicle with cellphone at anytime from anywhere. The important enhancement in this feature is its ability to inform the vehicle position even during a GPS outage using dead reckoning method. This is achieved with the help of Inertial Navigation Sensors that consists of a 3-axis MEMS Magnetometer and a 3-axis MEMS Accelerometer which will act as a tilt compensated compass module.
Car Finder – When the owner approaches the vehicle, the system automatically verifies the code from remote key and the vehicle emits a head light flash and horn beep to show its presence. This feature is known as car finder and it assists the owner to locate the vehicle in a parking lot where several vehicles are parked.

9. Working - 4
GPS Fencing – This feature restricts the vehicle movement within a particular area. For example, if the owner wants the car to move only within a particular city, once it moves out of city borders the owner would immediately receive an SMS alert as to the current location of the vehicle. The interesting feature here is the fence radius can be programmed by the user in the touchscreen display. This flexibility allows the user to set a virtual fence that can be at building level, street level, city level or state level.
Remote Fuel Cut-off – This feature is very useful especially in case of auto theft. If the vehicle is somehow hacked into and taken, you can send message that will slowly cut-off the fuel supply, thereby disabling the vehicle. A Servo Motor controlled valve is used to cut the fuel supply.

10. ARM Cortex-M3
Next Generation 32-bit ARM Processor for Embedded Applications based on ARMv7-M Architecture.
Harvard architecture.
Separate I & D buses allow parallel instruction fetching & data storage
3-stage pipeline with branch speculation.
Fetch, Decode & Execute
Integrated bus matrix.
Configurable nested vectored interrupt controller (NVIC).
Advanced debug and trace components (DAP, SWV, ETM).
Wakeup Interrupt Controller (WIC)
Memory Protection Unit (MPU)

11. ARM7 Vs Cortex-M3 High Performance RISC CPU.
Greater performance efficiency, without increasing the frequency or power requirements.
Low power consumption, enabling longer battery life.
Improved code density, ensuring that code fits in even the smallest memory footprints.
Providing easier programmability and debugging.
Wide choice of development tools.
The table here shows older ARM7 Vs Latest ARM Cortex-M3 

12. LPC1300
ARM Cortex-M3 processor, running at frequencies of up to 72 MHz
ARM Cortex-M3 built-in Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC)
32 kB on-chip flash programming memory
8 kB SRAM
In-System Programming (ISP) and In-Application Programming (IAP)
UART with fractional baud rate generation
SSP controller with FIFO and multi-protocol capabilities
I2C-bus interface supporting full I2C-bus specification and Fast-mode Plus
Up to 42 General Purpose I/O (GPIO) pins
Four general purpose counter/timers
Programmable WatchDog Timer (WDT)
System tick timer
Serial Wire Debug and Serial Wire Trace port
High-current output driver (20 mA) on one pin
High-current sink drivers (20 mA) on two I2C-bus pins in Fast-mode Plus
Integrated PMU (Power Management Unit)
Three reduced power modes: Sleep, Deep-sleep, and Deep power-down
Single power supply (2.0 V to 3.6 V)
10-bit ADC with input multiplexing among 8 pins
GPIO pins can be used as edge and level sensitive interrupt sources
Clock output function with divider
Processor wake-up from Deep-sleep mode via a dedicated start logic
Brownout detect with four separate thresholds
Power-On Reset (POR)
Integrated oscillator with an operating range of 1 MHz to 25 MHz
12 MHz internal RC oscillator trimmed to 1 % accuracy
Programmable watchdog oscillator with a frequency range of 7.8 kHz to 1.8 MHz
System PLL allows CPU operation up to the maximum CPU rate
Code Read Protection (CRP) with different security levels
Unique device serial number for identification

13. QVGA TFT Color Touchscreen Display
TFT LCD
65K Color
320 * 240 Resolution
16-bit RGB format
8-bit Parallel Interface
Touchscreen
Digital Resistive Touchscreen
Touchscreen Controller
SPI Interface
Senses Stylus or Finger touch

14. GPS Earth has 24 GPS satellites, atleast 4 are always visible
GPS receiver calculates location using Triangulation method
66 Channel GPS receiver interfaced via NMEA Protocol
The smart antenna can track upto 66 satellites at a time
Fast time to first fix, Superior sensitivity, and Low power
Less than 10m Accuracy
57600bps UART interface
Up to 10Hz update rate
Built-in micro battery to preserve system data for rapid satellite acquisition
LED indicator for fix or no fix

15. 6-DOF Digital MEMS Geo-Magnetic Module
Provides tilt compensated direction information
3-axis accelerometer + 3-axis magnetometer SOM (System On Module)
Digital Sensor Interface using I2C Protocol

16. 3-Axis Digital MEMS Accelerometer
Detects 3-Axis acceleration
Acts as vibration sensor to find accident scenario
Digital Sensor Interface using I2C Protocol

17. IEEE Radio

18. IEEE Network
Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) focuses on low-cost, low-speed ubiquitous communication between devices.
meter communications area .
Transfer rate up to 250 Kbit/s.
Collision avoidance through CSMA/CA.
Support for secure communications.
Supports peer -to-peer or star topology.
Uses MHz frequency band, with up to sixteen channels
Uses Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (OQPSK) modulation.

19. DC Servo Motor Used for position and speed control
Operated with PWM 50Hz
Dutycyle variation controls the desired parameter
Operates with low current, ideal for battery powered applications

20. GSM SIM900D from SIMCOM. Quad-band GSM module in SMT type.
Very powerful single-chip processor integrating ARM926EJ-S core 
Ideal for M2M applications
Quad-Band 850/ 900/ 1800/ 1900 MHz
Control via AT commands (GSM ,07.05 and SIMCOM enhanced AT Commands) 
SMS cell broadcast 
Serial interface 
Embedded SIM 
Inbuilt Antenna 
AT cellular command interface

21. LPCXpresso IDE
LPCXpresso is a complete toolchain for LPC1000 series of Cortex-M microcontrollers.
Eclipse based IDE.
GNU Compiler, Linker and Libraries
Enhanced GDB Debugger
Supports LPC-Link Programmer and Debugger
Developed by NxP Semiconductors and CodeRedTechnologies.

22. Project Advantages
Our project offers protection even when the keyfob is stolen. We call it the real smart keyfob.
This project allows us to track the vehicle even in GPS denied environments such as within buildings, underground and dense city regions.
The present day motion and tilt alarms will alert the owner even for an unintentional touch by a passing person or an accidental hit by a ball from a playing child. Our system eliminates this with adjustable motion alarm sensitivity feature.
A central user interface to configure and customize the vehicle security system which is not present in the previous vehicle designs.
All the units are powered by a 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 Microcontroller which is low cost, low power and provides superior performance compared to the available 8, 16 and 32-bit offerings from different vendors.

23. Software Embedded C Eclipse based LPCXpresso IDE
Cortex-M3 Peripheral Device Drivers
CMSIS from ARM

24. Abbreviations ARM – Advanced RISC Machine
CMSIS – Cortex Microcontroller Software Interface Standard
I2C – Inter Integrated Circuit
SPI – Serial Peripheral Interface
MEMS – Micro Electro Mechanical System / Sensor
TFT – Thin Film Transistor
QVGA – Quarter VGA
UART – Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter
ADC – Analog to Digital Converter
LCD – Liquid Crystal Display
EFSL – Embedded File System Library
FAT – File Allocation Table

25. Let us work Questions…?