1. The Antebellum Period
Unit 8: Standard 8-4.1

2. Unit 8 Table of Contents: The Antebellum Period
Item Name/Description 1.
Bellwork 2.
Notes: The Antebellum North and South 3.
Differences Between the North and South Handout 4.
Notes: The Cotton Gin 5.
Cotton Gin Diagram 6.
Analyzing History Handout 7.
SC Society Pyramid 8.
Notes: SC Society 9.
“Who Were They?” Bluebook Assignment
10.
Society Story
11.
Chart Questions
12.
Notes: Daily Life of Plantation Slaves
13.
Slave and Cotton Graph
14.
Comparing and Contrasting Slaves Handout
15.
Study Guide
Unit 8 Table of Contents: The Antebellum Period

3. The Antebellum North and South

4. Use your Stems!!! Ante – Before Bellum – War
The period before the war, especially the American Civil War…approx

5. The North Large population-Free Few Slaves
Economy based on industry/manufacturing
Well-developed railroad system
Many large cities
Diverse population-lots of immigrants

7. The South Small free population Large slave population
Economy almost entirely based on agriculture
Very few immigrants
Small number of railroads
Few urban areas (few cities-none big)

11. Bellwork: Tuesday 1/5/16
Why did the north and the south differ on the issue of slavery?

12. The Cotton Gin

13. Remember What You Learned Earlier…
Colonial Period – Headright Sysyem – More people/workers in the colony
Cash Crops – Rice and Indigo – mostly in the LowCountry
No real cash crop for the BackCountry
Cotton – Around, but not seeds!!!!

14. Stupid Cat!!!!
Eli Whitney invents the cotton “gin” (short for engine).
All of a sudden, cotton is VERY profitable.

15. http://www. eliwhitney
html

16. Cotton…Spreads the Wealth
The South made Ka –RA-ZE $$ from growing cotton.
Also helped the North, because their textile factories also profitted from more work.
Also increased the population of the West as farmers searched for new lands in which to grow more cotton.

17. Not all good…
Cotton and the wealth it created also increased the demand for labor….which meant slaves in the South.
The slave population increased tremendously across the South during the Antebellum period.
More slaves = More cotton you can produce = more $$$ you make.

18. Cotton Diagram: p. 5
html

19. Bellwork: Wednesday 1/6/16
How did the cotton gin impact the US? (North, South and West)

20. Bellwork: Thursday 1/7/16
What made the planters’ lifestyle possible?

21. The 4 Social Classes in Antebellum South Carolina

22. The population of South Carolina could be divided into 4 social classes during the Antebellum period:
The plantation system dominated SC politics and society
The strict class system in SC was based on slavery
Planters
Yeomen Farmers
Poor Whites
Slaves

23. The Planters
Only a small percentage of SC’s population belonged to this class
They enjoyed great wealth, social position and political influence as a result of their dependence on slave labor

24. The Planters’ Homes

25. Summer Homes

26. Winter Homes

27. Planters’ Fashion

29. Most goods were produced on the plantation and both the master and the mistress had responsibilities for making the plantation work
Business decisions, including the marketing of the crops and the managing of the slave population was the responsibility of the master
The mistress (master’s wife) oversaw the running of the house

30. Yeoman Farmers Middle class
Made up of more than half of the white population
Small farmers
Some owned slaves
Had large families: children

31. Most slaveholders belonged to the Yeoman class
Most slaveholders belonged to the Yeoman class. Most of the slave population was owned by the Yeoman famer
Might have owned as many as 10 slaves, but usually worked alongside them
75% of southerners had no slaves
Rented out slaves to get extra money

32. Very religious. Attended church every Sunday. Held revival meetings
Most were taught at home
Some attended school “seasonally” (during non-planting times)
The Bible was the textbook
Social Activities: Picnics, militia musters, corn shucking, and barn raisings

33. Yeoman Farmer Housing

36. Poor Whites 125,000 in SC Not allowed to live on good farm land
Live in Sandhills or pinelands
Little to eat, malnutrition, malaria
Looked down on by whites and blacks

37. Answer the following questions:
Copy the questions
What group makes up the largest class in the South?
What group makes up the smallest class in the South?
Which class in South Carolina controlled the social and political structure during the Antebellum period?
Why was this class able to have power in South Carolina?
What myth does this graph disprove about the South?

38. Bellwork: Friday 1/8/16 What percentage of southerners owned slaves?
How did the cotton gin increase the demand for slaves?
Who invented the cotton gin?
Without looking at the pyramid in your notes, draw another pyramid and label the social groups

39. Bellwork: Monday 1/11/16 House Slaves Yard Slaves Field Slaves
Complete the Venn diagram below
House Slaves
Yard Slaves
Field Slaves
We are selling chocolate to raise money for the Harlem Renaissance and the 8th grade prom!
$1.00

40. Daily Life of Slaves

41. House Servants
Planter Elite
Skilled Servants
Religion
Overseer
A Positive Good?
Cotton Fields
Slave Quarters
Resistance
Control
Daily Life of Slaves

42. Field Slaves
Majority worked in the fields, dawn to dusk, 6 days a week
All worked: men, women and children
Under control of Overseer or Slave Driver

43. House Servants Some slaves worked in the owner’s home
Cooks, laundress, maids, butlers, raising the owner’s children

44. Skilled Servants/Yard Slave
Diverse skills
Carpenters, Blacksmiths, Masons, Slave Driver
Often rented out
Often more valuable

45. Slave Quarters “Slave Street” Near the Big House
Small cabins, dirt floors

46. Control
Slave Codes
Slave Patrol
Punishments
Rewards
Religion
Threats

47. Daily Life of Slaves
Owner provided food, clothing and shelter...sometimes allowed to have a garden
Forbidden to read and write
Different owners-different treatment
Families often separated (marriages not legally recognized)

48. Resistance Runaway Sabotage/destruction of property Slow work
Feigning illness
Rebellion-very rare

49. Religion Converted to Christianity Attended owner controlled church
Preacher told them to be content with their place in the world
“Secret” prayer meeting and spirituals placed emphasis on freedom

50. Overseer Poor white hired to manage the day to day actions of slaves
Assistance from slave drivers-trusted slave given responsibility of managing other slaves

51. Planter Elite Top of society
Great wealth, social position and political power
Plantations were self-sufficient
Both master and mistress had responsibilities on plantation
The mistress oversaw the running of the house and cared for slaves when sick
Master managed business of plantation

52. “A positive good”? Southerners justification for slavery
Claimed that slaves were better cared for than northern factory workers
This argument contributed to growing sectionalism that divided the nation