1. Canadian Landforms

2. The Canadian Shield
The Canadian Shield has the oldest rock in Canada, it was formed in the beginning of the Precambrian Era.
The Canadian Shield encompasses parts of Ontario, Quebec, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut.
Much of the Canadian Shield is rock. Which makes agriculture more difficult.
Through plate tectonics the Shield has formed many landforms such as the Appalachian Mountains and the great plains.

3. Canadian Shield has a thin acidic soil called podzols.

4. As you can see, a lot of ROCK.

5. What kinds of Animals would we find here….

6. The Canadian Shield has experienced volcanoes, earthquakes, extensive plains, and great mountains. The land is always changing and moving, and in most cases so do the animals that live there.

7. The soil in the Shield supports coniferous forests, it’s not suited for agriculture, however; farming is possible in certain areas such as Quebec and some areas of Ontario.

8. Niagara Falls is also located in the Shield!

9. Niagara Falls forms as a border between Canada and the United States
Niagara Falls forms as a border between Canada and the United States. Located on the Niagara River, draining Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario. These massive falls were formed during the last ice age 18,000 years ago.

11. Appalachian Mountains
The Appalachian Mountains were most likely formed from the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate colliding together during the formation of Pangaea.
The mountains have been worn down from ice and water to produce a landscape of rolling hills and broad valleys, this process is called Erosion.
Due to deposits of these materials, the soil in this region is ideal for agriculture, this process is called Deposition.

12. A Map of the Appalachian Mountains…

13. Look familiar??

14. These mountains can reach to heights of 1000m.

15. What kinds of animals could we find here? Let’s name a few…..

16. The forest vegetation of the region is mixed coniferous and deciduous.

17. The Cape Breton Highlands is home to many Moose!

18. Western Cordillera

19. ^^^^MOUNTAINS ^ ^^^
The Western Cordillera is made up of a series of parallel mountain ranges:
The Coast Mountains
The Columbia Mountains
The Rocky Mountains
Many of which rise to over 3000m

20. Many tourists love to travel to the West coast to enjoy the beautiful landscape. There are many fun activities to get involved in.

21. What kind of animal is this who lives here…?

22. These mountains are separated by extensive plateaus
These mountains are separated by extensive plateaus. Plateaus are areas of land between mountains that contain vegetation, wildlife, water, etc.

23. British Columbia is also home to one of my favorite animals…
British Columbia is also home to one of my favorite animals….. Orca whales are also called Killer whales or Wolves of the Sea!

24. The Rocky Mountains are young mountains and were formed during the Cenozoic Era, they are very high, sharp, with steep edges. There hasn’t been enough time for erosion to take place and wear down these mountains like the rolling Appalachian mountains.

25. In some areas of the interior valleys or Plateaus, ex: the Okanagan Valley, good soils have developed where rivers have deposited sand and silt.

26. Many outdoor enthusiasts take advantage of the ideal weather year round, Ms. Peebles use to live in the Western Cordillera>>>I’m sure she has many stories!

27. Because the climate on the West coast is warm year round many people surf, hike, and skateboard in the winter!

28. At altitudes this high, the weather changes, and it becomes Colder>>>sometimes very cold!

29. I added this slide for Natalie!

30. The forest of the west-facing slopes of the coastal ranges of British Columbia is the most luxuriant, fastest-growing forest in Canada. They are known as old growth forests. These trees are called Douglas Firs and are 2-3 hundred years old, more than 100m high, and 5m around. They are protected in some areas, however many have been cut down from an industry called Logging..

31. Innuitian Mountains

32. In the far North, the Innuitian Mountains have rugged peaks that are over 2000m high, with steep-sided valleys, do you think these mountains are younger or older??

33. Innuitian Mountains were formed during the Mesozoic Era

34. It is too cold for trees to survive here ….

36. Artic Lowlands A short growing season allows for only sparse vegetation of lichens and moss. Most of the Artic Lowlands are located in Nunavut.

37. This is a region of tundra, treeless plains, with a cold, dry climate and poorly drained soil.

38. Nunavut

40. Here are some animals that inhabit the Artic

42. Why do you think Polar Bears are white?

46. The Northern Lights

47. Interior Plains

48. Between the Shield and the Western Cordillera is an extensive area of plain that was created when inland seas receded, not all of the Interior Plains are vast flatlands….

49. The Grizzly Bear lives in parts of British Columbia, Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Alberta

50. The Interior Plains are believed to have formed between the Paleozoic and Cenozoic Eras.

51. The southern central area is semi-desert with sparse vegetation that includes cacti.

52. This soil is well drained and moist and is great for agriculture.
In parts of the Plains, plants and animals, together with climate conditions, have led to a soil that is more than 25cm deep.
This soil is well drained and moist and is great for agriculture.

53. The Interior Plains, which stretch south all the way to the Gulf of Mexico, cover most of Alberta and large sections of Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and the Northwest Territories.

54. The Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands HOMES

55. The St. Lawrence Lowlands
These lowlands were formed in the Paleozoic Era
These areas too have experienced volcanic activity, fractures, faults, and earthquakes in the past

56. Near the end of the last ice age, about 10,000 years ago in Canada, this area was flooded by the Champlain Sea, an ancient arm of the Atlantic ocean. When the sea retreated, the Great Lakes were formed.

57. When the sea retreated, deposits of sands and clays were left behind, leaving the area of soil known as brown earth.

58. Hudson Bay Lowlands

59. Within the Shield is the Hudson Bay Lowlands
Within the Shield is the Hudson Bay Lowlands. This area has Paleozoic rock to a depth of 2000m. The lowlands are located in northern Ontario and Manitoba.

60. This area is mainly flat and poorly drained
This area is mainly flat and poorly drained. You can find Swamp Forests here.