1. What is the distinguishing factor between Anatomy and Physiology?  Anatomy: morphology of Structures  Forms and arrangements  Physiology: Describes function of Structures  What body parts do and how they do it.  Ex: 1. Heart… 2. stomach… 2. stomach… 3. mandible… 3. mandible…

2. How are anatomy & physiology related? Why study them together?  Form follows function.  Architect: Louis Sullivan

3. Requirements of Life  Water - required for metabolism, transport, regulation  Food - substances that provide nutrients & energy  Oxygen - used in the release of energy  Heat - a form of energy which helps control metabolic reactions  Pressure - application of force on an object

4. Homeostatic Mechanisms work to control physiological maintenance.  Homeostatic mechanisms: function to maintain stable environment  Examples  pH  Oxygen levels  Blood pressure  Temperature  glucose

5. Structural Levels of Organization What is the Smallest unit of all matter? 1.Cells 2.Organs 3.Tissues 4.Macromolecules 5.Atoms 6.Molecule 7.Organ system 8.organism 9.organelles

6. Levels of Organization  Atoms  Molecules  Organelles  Cells  Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ System  Organ System  Organism (Body)  Define:  Cell  Tissue  Organ  Organ System

8. Anatomical Position  Standing erect, with palms and feet facing forward  Is the standard reference point in which all positions, movements, and planes are described

9. Positions and Directions Terms of position and direction describe the position of one body part relative to another, usually along one of the three major body planes

10. Positions and Directions Superior  Refers to a structure being closer to the head or higher than another structure in the body  Inferior  Refers to a structure being closer to the feet or lower than another structure in the body

11. Positions and Directions Anterior  Refers to a structure being more in front than another structure in the body Posterior  Refers to a structure being more in back than another structure in the body

12. Positions and Directions Medial  Refers to a structure being closer to the midline or median plane of the body than another structure of the body Lateral  Refers to a structure being farther away from the midline than another structure of the body

13. Positions and Directions Distal (Reference to the extremities only) (Reference to the extremities only)  Refers to a structure being further away from the root of the limb than another structure in the limb  Proximal (Reference to the extremities only) (Reference to the extremities only)  Refers to a structure being closer to the root of the limb than another structure in that limb

14. Positions and Directions Superficial  Refers to a structure being closer to the surface of the body than another structure Deep  Refers to a structure being closer to the core of the body than another structure

15. Organ Systems Organ Systems  Integumentary  Skeletal  Muscular  Nervous  Endocrine  Cardiovascular  Lymphatic/Immune  Digestive  Respiratory  Urinary  Reproductive

16. Integumentary System  Skin, hair, sweat glands, oil glands  Protects underlying tissues  Sensory  Regulates body temperature  Synthesis of biochemicals  Ex: Vitamin D

17. Skeletal System  Bones, ligaments, cartilage, joints  Body framework  Protection of vital organs  Attachment for muscles  Blood cell production  Storage of inorganic salts (calcium)

18. Muscular System  Muscles  Body movement  Body posture  Generation of body heat

19. Nervous System  Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs  Detect changes in the internal and external environment  Receive and interpret sensory information  Stimulate muscles and glands

20. Endocrine System  Glands that secrete hormones  Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, ovaries, testis, and pancreas  Hormones alter metabolism in target cells metabolism in target cells

21.  Cardiovascular system  heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, blood  Pumps blood thru vessels and transport of gases, nutrients, hormones, wastes  Lymphatic system  lymphatic vessels, fluid, nodes, thymus, fluid, nodes, thymus, spleen, lymphocytes spleen, lymphocytes Protect against infection and disease

22. Digestive System  Mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small and large intestine  Ingestion of food  Breakdown of food molecules  Absorption of nutrients http://kidshealth.org/misc/movie/bodybasics/digestive_system.html

23. Respiratory System  Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs  Movement and exchange of respiratory gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood

24. Urinary System  Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra  Remove wastes from blood  Maintain body water and electrolyte balance  Transport urine

25. Reproductive System  Male: scrotum, testes, epididymides, vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, urethra, penis  Female: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, vulva

26. Reproductive System  Produces gametes, support development support development of embryo of embryo

27. Practice!  Cartilage

28. Practice!  Blood

29. Practice!  Controls water balance

30. Practice!  Eyes

31. Practice!  Body Heat

32. Practice!  Sweat Glands

33. Practice!  Blood Cell Production

34. Practice!  Trachea

35. Practice!  Human Growth Hormone

36. Practice!  Gallbladder

37. Practice!  Spleen

38. Practice!  Pancreas

39. Practice!  Attachment for Muscles

40. Practice!  Absorption of Nutrients

41. Practice!  Testes

42. Practice!  Urethra