1. The Land of Africa, South of the Sahara Chapter 20, Section 1

2. Sub-Saharan Africa

3. Plateaus, Highlands and Mountains Series of steps that rise in elevation from the coast inland and from west to east 500 ft. to 8,000 ft. Escarpments: steep, jagged slopes or cliffs Rivers that cross plateaus fall down escarpments into cataracts. Cataracts: towering waterfalls

4. Africa elevation

5. African mountains Most found around the Eastern Highlands of Ethiopia and stretch to southern Africa. Mount Kilimanjaro Mount Kenya

6. Mt. Kilimanjaro

7. Kilimanjaro facts

8. Ruwenzori Mts. Divide Uganda and the DRC (Democratic Republic of the Congo) “Mountains of the Moon.”

10. Ruwenzori Mountains

11. Cape Mountains

13. Rift Valley: large crack in the earth’s surface formed by shifting tectonic plates. Plate movements, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes. Faults: fractures in the earth’s crust

14. The Great Rift Valley East Africa 2 branches with volcanic mountains rising at its edges and deep lakes that run parallel to its length. Volcanic cones: East Deep Lakes: Lake Tanganyika to the west. Lake Malawi: deep fresh water mountain rimmed lake.

15. Great Rift Valley

17. Great Rift Valley Case Study Great Rift Valley Video

18. Water Systems Rivers originate in the plateaus and run to the seas. Lots of waterfalls and cataracts Most of the rivers cannot be navigated from their source to the mouth of the river.

19. Lakes Lake Victoria: largest lake in Africa Lake Chad Lake Volta: one of the largest man-made lakes in the world. Made by damming the Volta River in Ghana

20. River Basins 1. Niger River: “Great River” Main artery in western Africa 2,600 miles long Delta: triangular section of land formed by sand and silt carried downriver. 2. Zambezi River South central Africa 2,200 miles 3. Congo River: 2900 miles long. reaches the sea through a deep estuary: passage where freshwater from a river meets seawater.

21. Physical Barriers Sahara prevents land travel Difficult access from west Africa with rivers that aren’t navigable Shallow sandbars, rapids, and waterfalls

22. Natural Resources Oil reserves Metals: copper, iron ore, manganese, etc. Gold Uranium Diamonds Water: agriculture and industrial uses Congo River, for example Solar Power