1. NON-INVASIVE MEASUREMENT METHOD OF SKIN CONDITIONS USING DERMALAB® COMBO Presented by: Asst. Prof. Dr. Hazrina Ab Hadi BPharm, Hons., MSc. Drug Delivery, PhD Pharmaceutics Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Kulliyyah of Pharmacy International Islamic University Malaysia

2. OUTLINE Background Aims and Objectives Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusions References

3. Skin structure and function Schematic illustration of cross-section of human skin (adapted from Servier Medical Art)

4. DermaLab® Combo

5. TEWL open chamber probe Principle of vapor diffusion gradient Sensor inside - to avoid any air currents and direct light. The TEWL measurement is expressed as g/m 2 /hr.

6. Hydration pin probe Conductance principle is applied Measure skin moisture. Conductivity - to measure the water binding capacity of the stratum corneum.

7. Skin color probe Based on the light absorption by the skin The color measurement is based on the principle of reflectance spectrophotometry. This probe has an optics design in order to ensure minimal sensitivity to ambient light condition.

8. Elasticity suction probe Measure the necessary force needed to lift the skin Provide a light weight probe Skin elasticity of subjects is determined by refraction time (R) once the negative pressure is released.

9. OUTLINE Background Aims and Objectives Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusions References

10. Aims and Objectives To evaluate biophysical parameters (TEWL, hydration, melanin content and elasticity) of the skin using Dermalab Combo To compare skin parameters between genders To identify possible factors that affect functional state of the skin based on the skin condition measurements

11. OUTLINE Background Aims and Objectives Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusions References

12. Methodology 100 volunteers (IIUM students) Age: 18 – 27 Consent Form + simple questionnaire (demographic profile and daily activities) Acclimatize to ambient T Measurement on the volar forearm

13. OUTLINE Background Aims and Objectives Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusions References

14. Results and Discussion 1/9 TEWL in different gender

15. Results and Discussion 2/9 Use of moisturiser vs TEWL

16. Results and Discussion 3/9 Average hydration between genders

17. Results and Discussion 4/9

18. Results and Discussion 5/9 Average melanin content between genders

19. Results and Discussion 6/9 Type of activity vs Melanin content

20. Results and Discussion 7/9 Sunblock usage vs Melanin content

21. Results and Discussion 8/9: Skin Elasticity between genders

22. Results and Discussion 9/9: Use of moisturiser vs elasticity Not Used

23. OUTLINE Background Aims and Objectives Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusions References

24. Conclusions Biophysical parameters of the skin vary among different genders. The differences may be due to individuals daily activity, use of skin care products as well as environmental factors. The use of DermaLab® Combo in this experiment provides a reliable measurements for TEWL, hydration, pigmentation and elasticity. Thus, this baseline reading can be used for further research study such as comparison of skin care products and assessment of skin care efficacy.

25. OUTLINE Background Aims and Objectives Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusions References

26. Alexander H, Cook T. Variations with age in the mechanical properties of human skin in vivo. J Tissue Viability 2006;16:6– 11. Bouwstra JA, Dubbelaar FE, Gooris GS, Ponec M: The lipid organisation in the skin barrier. ActaDermVenereolSuppl 2000; 208: 23–30. Choi, J. W., Kwon, S. H., Huh, C. H., Park, K. C., &Youn, S. W. (2013). The influences of skin visco ‐ elasticity, hydration level and aging on the formation of wrinkles: a comprehensive and objective approach. Skin Research and Technology, 19(1), e349-e355. DermaLab® Combo. Cortex Technologies, Denmark; (2011). Retrieved Jun 8, 2014, from www.cortextechologies.dkwww.cortextechologies.dk Ehlers, C., Ivens, U. I., Møller, M. L., Senderovitz, T., &Serup, J. (2001). Females have lower skin surface pH than men. Skin Research and Technology,7(2), 90-94. Elias, P. M., & Choi, E. H. (2005). Interactions among stratum corneum defensive functions. Experimental dermatology, 14(10), 776-776. Ishikawa, T., Ishikawa, O., &Miyachi, Y. (1995). Measurement of skin elastic properties with a new suction device (I): Relationship to age, sex and the degree of obesity in normal individuals. The Journal of dermatology, 22(10), 713-717. Kleesz, P., Darlenski, R., &Fluhr, J. W. (2011). Full-body skin mapping for six biophysical parameters: baseline values at 16 anatomical sites in 125 human subjects. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 25(1), 25-33. Maddodi, N., Jayanthy, A., &Setaluri, V. (2012). Shining light on skin pigmentation: the darker and the brighter side of effects of UV radiation†.Photochemistry and photobiology, 88(5), 1075-1082. Proksch, E., Brandner, J. M., & Jensen, J. M. (2008). The skin: an indispensable barrier. Experimental dermatology, 17(12), 1063-1072. Rosado, C., Pinto, P., & Rodrigues, L. M. (2009). Assessment of moisturizers and barrier function restoration using dynamic methods. Skin Research and Technology, 15(1), 77-83. Taieb, M., Gay, C., Sebban, S., &Secnazi, P. (2012). Hyaluronic acid plus mannitoltreatment for improved skin hydration and elasticity. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 11(2), 87-92.

27. Thank you for your attention!