1. Year 8 Science Exam 2014 Revision

2. Year 7 Topics Energy Light and Sound Forces Solids, liquids and gases Acids and alkalis Safety Continuity of life Environment

3. Year 7 Topics Energy

4. Types of energy: Heat (thermal) Light Sound Electricity Elastic Gravitational potential Chemical Kinetic (movement) Nuclear Energy is measured in Joules (J) 1 kilojoule (KJ) = 1000J

5. Year 7 Topics Light and Sound

6. Light is faster than sound Amplitude (size of the wave – volume) Pitch (frequency – number of waves) Refraction Reflection

7. Year 7 Topics Forces

8. Mass – total amount of matter (measured in Kg) Weight – effect of gravity on a mass (measured in Newtons, N) Gravity – force Newtonmeter (forcemeter) Forces are either balanced or unbalanced

9. Year 7 Topics Solids, liquids and gases

10. Particles Energy Melting Freezing Boiling Condensing Vibrate Expanding Contracting Melting point Boiling point All materials can be solid, liquid or gas if the temperature is low or high enough

11. Year 7 Topics Acids and alkalis

12. Universal indicator solution – test for pH Common acids: Hydrochloric acid Sulphuric acid Citrus Common alkalis: Bleach Sodium Hydroxide Toothpaste Neutralisation? When an acid is mixed with an alkali to make a neutral solution

13. Year 7 Topics Safety

14. h

15. Year 7 Topics Continuity of life

16. MRS GREN Movement Respiration (releasing energy from food) Sensitivity Growth Reproduction Excretion (removing waste) Nutrition Cell > Tissue > Organ > Organ system > Organisms Examples of organs – leaf, flower, stem, roots, heart, brain, lungs, stomach, liver, ovaries, testes

17. Year 7 Topics Environment

18. The arrows show the flow of energy What do plants need to survive? What do animals need to survive? Predator Prey Producer Consumer Carnivore Herbivore Omnivore Adaptations – features that enable a plant or animal to survive in a particular habitat

19. Year 8 Topics Earth and Space Electricity and Magnetism Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Using Materials Breathing and Circulation Food and Digestion Plants and Photosynthesis

20. Year 8 Topics Earth and Space

21. My Very Easy Method Just Speeds Up Naming Planets Gravity Orbit Day Year

22. Year 8 Topics Electricity and Magnetism

23. Do you know your symbols? There are only 3 magnetic elements: Iron Cobalt Nickel

24. Year 8 Topics Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

25. Element – pure – only 1 type of atom (oxygen) Compound – 2 or more elements combined (CO2) Mixture – elements or compounds not combined (air, seawater, paint and oil) Do you know your element symbols? Filtration Chromatography Evaporation Distillation

26. Year 8 Topics Using Materials

27. Chemical changes – irreversible (making toast) Physical changes – reversible (melting ice cube) Exothermic - hot Endothermic - cold Rusting Rust – iron Fe + O > FeO (iron oxide)

28. Year 8 Topics Breathing and Circulation

29. Inhale Exhale Trachea Bronchi Alveoli (air sacs) Diaphragm Ribs Lungs Respiration Glucose + Oxygen > Water + Carbon Dioxide + ENERGY

30. Year 8 Topics Food and Digestion

31. Enzymes Stomach acid Teeth (canines, incisors, molars, premolars) Starch > sugar

32. Year 8 Topics Plants and Photosynthesis

33. Leaf Stem Roots Flower Xylem Phloem

34. General Science Graph skills Interpreting data Apparatus use Units Investigation terms

35. Tips for dealing with data When drawing graphs always use a sharp pencil and a ruler! When interpreting graphs and results tables read the information given carefully and look at the headings and labels. Try to understand what they are showing before rushing in to the question. Give as much detail as you can by referring to the data in your answer e.g. at 50cm the plant produced 12 bubbles of oxygen.

42. Describe the patterns

46. Apparatus What would you use to: 1.Measure temperature? 2.Measure forces? 3.Show the pH of a liquid? 4.Measure the volume of water? 5.Measure distance of lamp from plant? 6.Measure the mass of an object? 7.Measure time taken to run 100m?

47. Units What are the units for: 1.Forces 2.Mass 3.Weight 4.Temperature 5.Time 6.Speed 7.Distance

48. Investigation terms Aim? Prediction? Apparatus? Method? Variables? Conclusion? Evaluation?

49. Investigation terms Aim – what do you want to find out? Prediction – what do you think is going to happen? Apparatus – what equipment do you need? Method – what steps will you carry out? Variables –what factors might affect the investigation? Conclusion – what did you find out? Evaluation – what could be done to improve next time?

50. Important terms Control? Independent? Dependent? Reliable? Mean?

51. Important terms Control – keep these the same to make the investigation reliable Independent – variable we change Dependent –variable we measure Reliable – we can trust our results, improve by repeating the investigation or by collecting data from a bigger range Mean – the average of our results