1. Weathering and Erosion
Unit 4 Study Guide
Weathering and Erosion

2. _____________ are ridges of till left behind when a glacier stops moving forward.
Moraines

3. A(n) _________________ is the triangular or fan-shaped deposit of sediment that forms where a river empties into an ocean or lake.
Alluvial Fan

4. A(n) ____________________ is formed when water empties into a lake or ocean.
Delta

5. Deposition is constructive
Erosion and weathering are classified as destructive processes. How is deposition classified?
Deposition is constructive

6. Erosion caused by the sandblasting effect of windblown sediments is called _______________________.
Abrasion

7. How can people reduce wind erosion?
Plant trees around farmland

8. How is water a weathering agent?
It dissolves minerals in rocks

9. Rock fragments dragged by glaciers will gouge ________________ into the rock over which they are moving.
grooves and scratches

10. Running through the farmer’s flat field is a slow moving stream with large meanders.
old stream

11. The four agents of erosion are wind, water, glaciers, and ____________________.
GRAVITY

12. The glacier is an agent of ____________________ that pushes aside trees and drags along rocks.
erosion

13. The major force behind mass wasting is ______________________________.
gravity

14. The movement that occurs during mass wasting is caused by _____________________.
gravity

15. There is more deposition on the inside of the curves than the outside
There is more deposition on the inside of the curves than the outside. How would you classify this stream?
An old stream

16. Vegetation on a steep slope _____________________.
reduces the force of falling rain
reduces the likelihood of a mass wasting event
reduces the amount of water erosion

17. Walking through an underpass on a bike-path, Jude noticed what looked like a stalactite hanging from a crack in the ceiling. It was dripping water.
Jude was seeing an example of:
erosion, because the water coming through the structure brought minerals along with it.
deposition, because as the water dripped it was leaving minerals behind that were forming the stalactite-like structure.
even man-made structures are subject to weathering.

18. Waves usually collide with a shore at slight ____________________.
Angles

19. What can be compared to sandblasting?
Abrasion

20. What determines the amount of runoff?
The amount of rain
The amount of vegetation
The slope of the land

21. What do hoodoos, sea bridges and caves have in common?
They are formed when erosion removes less resistant rocks and leaves behind parts that are more resistant.

22. What formed when sediments are deposited as water empties into an ocean or lake?
Loess

23. What is a broad, C-shaped curve in a stream?
outwash

24. What is a current that flows parallel to the shoreline?
longshore currents

25. What is a jumble of materials deposited by a retreating glacier?
till

26. What is a process that wears away surface materials and moves them from one place to another?
abrasion

27. What is deposit formed when river waters empty out onto a flat open plain?
alluvial fan

28. What is deposits formed from windblown sand?
dunes

29. What is one difference between an alpine glacier and an ice sheet?
Alpine glaciers flow downhill. Ice sheets move outward from central locations.

30. What is the broad, flat area located next to a river?
floodplain

31. What is the grinding away of rocks or other surfaces by windblown particles?
floodplain

32. What is the laying down or settling of eroded material?
deposition

33. What is underground opening formed in limestone?
cave

34. What is windblown deposits of silt and clay?
loess

35. When people plant vegetation, they ___________________________ erosion.
reduce

36. When people remove vegetation, they ____________________________ runoff and the erosion process.
speed up

37. Where do erosion and deposition occur in a river?
Erosion occurs as the moving river picks up soil and moves it downstream. Deposition occurs when the river currents slow as it enters the larger body of water and drops the soil

38. at the bottom of a rock fall
Where do you find talus?
at the bottom of a rock fall

39. What are the factor in the speed of erosion?
speed of the water in a stream
strength of the wind
material of the rock

40. Which of the following can be found in loess?
silt

41. Which type of processes reshape Earth’s surface?
Both constructive and destructive

42. You drive down an unpaved road on a dry day, and the dust blows up in clouds behind you. When you get home, you see that your car is entirely covered in dirt. What processes have occurred?
The billowing dust in the air is undergoing erosion. The dust settling on your car has undergone deposition

43. You see a stream that is rushing down a slope, and notice rolling rapids. Which type of stream is it?
young stream

44. At a place where a river is flowing slowly, a sand bar has formed
At a place where a river is flowing slowly, a sand bar has formed. What created this landform?
Deposition

45. Explain how erosion and deposition work together to create stalactites and stalagmites.
As ground water seeps through the earth, it collects minerals. This is erosion. As it drips into the cave, the minerals are deposited forming stalactites and stalagmites. This is deposition.

46. Identify each point in the diagram below
A. Horn
B. Arete
C. Cirque
D. Hanging Valley

47. Are all agents of erosion also agents of deposition
Are all agents of erosion also agents of deposition?_____________ Give three specific examples to support your response.
Yes, all agents of erosion are also agents of deposition. After all, materials that are worn away and moved must be deposited somewhere else. For example, a river is an agent of erosion when it picks up sediment as it moves. It is an agent of deposition when its flow slows and the sediments fall out of the moving water. A glacier also both erodes and deposits material. As it moves over land, a glacier picks up rocks and other sediment. When the glacier begins to melt, the rocks and sediments are deposited. Wind also erodes and carries materials, such as sand. When the air flow slows down, the materials are deposited. In that way, wind is both an agent of erosion and deposition.

48. Compare and contrast erosion and deposition.
is a process that wears away surface materials and moves them from one place to another. The major agents of erosion
are gravity, glaciers, wind,
and water.
All agents of erosion deposit the sediments they are carrying when their energy decreases.
Laying down of sediments is called