1. Chapter 17

2.  Mentally walk through your entire home. Write down every place there is a light.  Next, go through your list and write it the light is general, task, or accent lighting.  Lastly, count each type of lighting you have in your home.

3.  Incandescent Light ◦ Three-way bulb ◦ Tungsten-Halogen Light  Fluorescent Light ◦ Compact Fluorescent Light  Fiber Optics  Light-Emitting Diodes

4.  Produced when an electric current passes through fine tungsten filament inside a bulb  Range from 15-250 watts ◦ The higher the wattage, the brighter the light ◦ Three way bulb  50, 100, and 150 watt  Lumen is a measurement of the amount of light a bulb produces. ◦ If there are two identical wattage incandescent bulbs, check their lumen output to see which one will produce more light.  Clear or frost finish ◦ Frost finish reduces glare and makes shadows appear softer  Some bulbs have silver or aluminum on the sides of the bulb to create a light that shines in on direction  Silicone coating is used to prevent glass from shattering if the bulb breaks  Not energy efficient because they produce more heat than light

5.  Tungsten-Halogen Light ◦ Halogen gas combines with tungsten molecules to activate a filament inside a quartz enclosure ◦ Produce a whiter light ◦ Last 3 times longer than regular incandescent bulbs ◦ Less energy efficient than fluorescent lights, however they are more energy efficient than regular incandescent lights ◦ Dangerous as they become EXTREMELY hot!

6.  Produced in a glass tube by releasing electricity through a mercury vapor to make invisible UV rays  More energy efficient ◦ Produces 4 times as much light as an incandescent bulb of the same wattage  More expensive but they will last longer are over time will be less expensive ◦ Can last up to 20,000 hours and use 40 watts of electricity  Color varies based on the coating of the fluorescent material in the tube ◦ Cool-white light: blues & greens ◦ Warm-white light: yellows, reds, and oranges

7.  Compact Fluorescent Light ◦ Electric currents run through a tube containing argon gas and a small amount of mercury vapor ◦ Safe for environment because they create less energy in the manufacturing process  In the amount of time it takes to make 6-10 incandescent bulbs, it takes the same amount of time to make one CFL ◦ Broken CFL’s emit a small amount of dangerous mercury so handle carefully

8.  Heatless light that is created when an electric current passes through a cable that contains fine strands of glass  Creates a dramatic effect in most rooms  Energy efficient

9.  Crystals on silicone chips (size of a grain of salt) that produce light when a low electric current passes through them  Bulbs can last 100,000 hours or more ◦ Last 10 times longer than CFL’s & 100 times longer than incandescent bulbs  More expensive than incandescent bulbs but over time it will save you money due to their longevity

10.  Reflected Light ◦ Bounces off surfaces ◦ Ex. Smooth, shiny or light colored surfaces ◦ Try to avoid glares in background schemes  Absorbed Light ◦ Drawn in by a surface ◦ Ex. Rough textures & dark colors  Diffused Light ◦ Scatters over a large area ◦ No glare, rather a soft appearance ◦ Ex. Frosted bulbs or lamp shades

11.  Visual Comfort ◦ General Lighting (Ambient)  Gives a uniform level of light throughout a room  Direct lighting is light that shines directly toward an object, providing the most light possible to a specific area  Indirect lighting is directed toward a surface such as a ceiling or wall that reflects light ◦ Task Lighting  Used in areas where specific activities require more light  Measure ◦ Wattage: amount of electricity a bulb uses ◦ Lumen: amount of light a bulb produces ◦ Foot-candle: measurement of how much light reaches an object or a surface  One foot-candle of light is the amount of light one candle gives to an object one foot away

12.  Safety ◦ Includes safe wiring and placement of lights  Follow electrical codes when wiring for lighting (national & local) ◦ Prevents accidents & fires ◦ When purchasing lights, look for the Underwriters Laboratories (UL) seal as this tells consumers the light bulb was manufactured according to safety standards ◦ Read instructions when installing lights & fixtures  Beauty ◦ Soft light creates a quiet mood, sharp lighting can highlight a focal point ◦ Accent lighting can be used to highlight an area or item in a room ◦ Use decorative lighting outside of the home

13.  Structural Lighting is one that is permanently built into a home ◦ Included in original plans or added during remodeling ◦ There are an assortment of lighting fixtures that are structural  Valance, bracket, cornice, cove, recessed downlights, wall washers, soffit, strip and track  Non-structural lighting is not a structural part of the house meaning they can be moved, changed, or replaced. ◦ Lamps are the most common type

14. Recessed Lighting Track LightingTask Lighting Combination Lighting