1. Warm Up 8/24 What is SI Unit Grams measure _________________. Liters measure _________________. Meters measure _________________.

2. Beginning Science Knowledge

3. Metric System Kilo1000x10 3 Hecto100x10 2 Deca10x10 Base1 deci.10x10 -1 centi.01x10 -2 mili.001 x10 -3 Meters Liters Grams

4. KHDBdcm

5. Math Time What is an exponent? 10x10= 10 ^ 2= 10 x 10 x 10= 10 ^ 3 = 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 = 10 ^ 4 =

6. Scientific Notation Another way of writing a large number or very small number 1,000,000= 1 x 10^6 5.48 x 10^-3= 0.00548 9832294850293= 9.83 x 10^12.0000000000000000000000000029384 = 2.93 x 10^-27

7. Speed, Force, Mass 8.P.2A.1- Plan and conduct controlled scientific investigations to test how varying the amount of force or mass of an object affects the motion (speed and direction), shape, or orientation of an object

8. Speed/Mass/Force Defined Speed- Rate at which an object moves over a certain distance over a certain time Miles/Hour Meters/Second Mass- Size of an object Kilograms Grams Force- Strength or Power exerted upon an object Newtons

9. Mass A massive object is in motion, more force must be applied to accelerate more quickly 5000 Kg car is moving at 10 m/s from 1000N of force, apply another 1000N its going to go faster 1 Kg ball is rolling at 2 ft/s with 10 N of Force, apply 2 more N it will go faster Same Force applied to 2 objects, the object with smaller mass will accelerate more quickly 10 Kg Block and 1 Kg Block, Apply 10 lbs of Force to both blocks, 1 Kg will accelerate more quickly Baseball and bowling ball are thrown with the same about of Force, the baseball will speed up faster To Slow Down or stop a more massive object, the force must be greater on than a less massive object to stop If the same braking force is applied to a small car and a large truck, the car will slow down more quickly It is more difficult to change the direction of a heavy moving object, than one that is lighter in mass Semi Truck, Go Cart https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LaPtPq1a7Lk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBKdK4cG-BY

10. Speed https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2-S-PaMWhwI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2-S-PaMWhwI Measure of how fast something moves a particular distance Rate of Change of the position of an object How far something will move in a given period of time Velocity- Vector (Dispicable Me) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOIe0DIMbI8https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOIe0DIMbI8 Speed doesn’t equal fast movement Ricky Bobby https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XsJdAu9-q5whttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XsJdAu9-q5w Acceleration is the rate an object changes speed Car accelerator

11. Force If an object is in motion, and more force is applied, the faster it goes Acceleration (change in speed) 2 objects have the same mass and a greater force is applied to one of the objects, that object rwill change speed more quickly If an object must be slowed down quickly, The force applied to that object must be greater than what is need for a gradual slowing down Greater the force applied to the brakes of a car, more quicky it will slow down or stop Varying the amount of force applied to a moving object can also change the direction that the object is moving more or less quickly Baseball is pitched toward a batter may quickly change direction and speed if hit very hard, or may change direction and speed more slowly if hit softly as with a bunt

12. Applying Knowledge What is the rate of change, of a position of an object over a given period of time? What is the size of an object? What is the Scientific Notation for 849302948? What does a Newton measure?

13. Warm Up 8/26 Write in Scientific Notation 789403.89304 209380029348392 0.000192837292049 0.9028948 0.000000000000783729 7.43 x 10 -5 2.93 x 10 9

14. 1.Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it. 1.Law of Inertia 2.The relationship between an object’s mass, its acceleration, and the applied force is Force equals mass times acceleration. 1.F=ma 3.For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

15. A car with a mass of 1500g is accelerating at a rate of 20 m/s 2,what is the Force? A baseball is thrown with a force of 100 Newtons with an acceleration of 5 m/s 2, What is the mass? A football player with a mas of 300kg starts running with a force of 300 Newtons. What is his acceleration?

16. Force Change in shape depends on magnitude of the force that is acting on it Car Crash Mass Change in shape depends on the mass of object colliding with the object Heavy Truck colliding with a tiny car https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnpJpZcrWSc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JSRBj3tVcs Shape

17. Orientation Refers to relative position of an object Force Force can cause an object’s orientation to change Faster rate collision will cause more change than not Mass Change in orientation can occur when a heavier object collides with a lighter object Heavy objects collides with lighter objects, lighter car will have more noticeable change

18. Forces Standard 8.P.2A.2 Develop and use models to compare and predict the resulting effect of balanced and unbalanced forces on an object’s motion in terms of magnitude and direction

19. Forces are vectors (Magnitude and Direction) Arrows Length describing how much force Arrow Point to show Direction Using Arrows The resulting force (Net Force) and direction can be determined 2 types of forces Balanced Forces Unbalanced Forces

20. Balanced Forces Acting on an object in opposite directions and Equal in strength Cause no change in speed of an object ZERO MOVEMENT 10 N 10N

21. Unbalanced Forces Not Equal Will cause motion of an object to change speed and direction 2 Unbalanced Forces are exerted in opposite directions, Combined force is equal to the difference of the 2 forces subtract Magnitude and Direction of the net force affects the resulting motion

22. Combined force is exerted in the direction of the larger force Unbalanced Forces are exerted in the same direction, Combined force is equal to the sum of the 2 forces Add the 2 forces

23. Balanced and Unbalanced Forces No Net Force, No change of motion Net Force is equal on both sides, No Movement Net Force is Unbalanced, Object will move in the direction the greater force is going

24. Law of Inertia 8.P.2A.3 Construct explanation for the relationship between the mass of an object and the concept of inertia (Newton’s First Law of Motion

25. Newton’s First Law of Motion Object at rest will stay at rest… Object in motion will stay in motion… Unless External Forces are applied

26. Inertia Inertia is the tendency of the motion of an object to remain constant in terms of both speed and direction Amount of inertia that an object has depends on the object’s mass. The more mass an object has, the more inertia Large Mass = More Inertia Hard to slow down Hard to stop Hard start Hard to Speed Up Hard to change direction

27. Momentum The Moving Force of a body that is in motion P=mv Momentum= Mass x Velocity (speed and direction)

28. Lab Objective: How does mass affect inertia? Materials: Meter stick Hypothesis: Who in the group will need more distance to stop? Directions: You will have a group of 4-5 Each group member will run at full speed at 10m 3x Record the number of meters each participant runs past the 10 m mark. From the front of the chair to the front of the foot furthest away from the chair You should run as fast as you can Analyze your data: Who stopped the farthest away from the chair, Who stopped closest, any other questions you or other people may have about the experiment… Was your hypothesis correct? Why or why not? Conclusion: What could have made you stop quicker, what was the environment like, etc.

29. Newton’s Third law of motion 8-P.2A.4Analyze and interpret data to support claims that for every force exerted on an object there is an equal force exerted in the opposite direction (Newton’s Third Law of Motion)

30. Newton’s third law of motion “When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second one exerts a force on the first that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction Law of Action and Reaction Though Equal in Magnitude and Opposite in Direction, Forces do not cancel each other out Each object is exerting 1 force, Each experiencing 1 force

31. Examples Swimmer Boat Ball thrown at the Wall\ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cP0Bb3WXJ_k

32. Gravity and Friction 8.P.2A.5 Analyze and interpret data to describe and predict the effects of forces (including gravitational and friction) on the speed and direction of an object

33. Gravity Force that always attracts or pulls objects toward each other without direct contact or impact Gravitational attraction depends on the mass of the 2 objects and the distance they are apart Objects on Earth are pulled toward the center of Earth G can cause changes in speed of objects As an object falls its speed will continually increase as Earth’s gravity continually pulls it downward All objects will speed up at the same rate as they fall (without air resistance)

34. G can cause an object that is thrown into the air to change its upward motion, slow down, and fall back toward Earth’s surface Pull of Earth’s gravity keeps the Moon in orbit Moon is constantly changing direction

35. Friction Force that occurs when one object rubs against another object 2 factors determine the amount of friction Kind of surfaces Force pressing the surfaces together Force that acts to resist sliding between 2 surfaces that are touching Slow down or stop the motion of an object Slowing force of friction always acts in the direction opposite to the force causing the motion

36. Force that makes it difficult to start an object moving Enough force must be applied to a nonmoving object to overcome the friction between the touching surfaces Smoother the 2 surfaces, less friction there is between the 2 Object will slow down less quickly Friction can be reduced in order for objects to move more easily by smoothing surfaces No friction, object will continue to move

37. Greater the force pushing the 2 surfaces together, the stronger friction prevents the surfaces from moving Heavier objects, the greater the force of friction A greater force must be applied to overcome friction between heavier objects

38. Equations w = mg g= 9.8 m/s 2 a= (V f – V i ) / t = ΔV/t Acceleration= (final Velocity – initial Velocity) / time Acceleration= Change in Velocity / time Static Friction= not moving Sliding Friction Rolling Friction

39. Graphing Motion

40. Motion Occurs when there is a change in position of an object with respect to a reference starting point The final position of an object is determined by measuring the change in position and direction of the segments along a trip

41. Position Location of an object Object changes position if it moves relative to a reference point Change in position is determined by the distance and direction of an object’s change in position from the starting point Displacement

42. Direction Line or path along which something is moving, pointing, or aiming Measured using a reference point Up, down, left, right, forward, backward, toward, away from north, south, east, or west

43. Speed Slope of the line can tell the relative speed of the object Slope of the line is steep, the speed is faster than if the slope is more flat Flatter the slope means the slower the speed Horizontal slope means speed is zero (not moving)

44. Position-Time Graphs Used to show change in an object’s location over time Time (independent variable) is plotted on the x-axis (horizontal) Position (dependent variable) is plotted on the y-axis

45. Average Speed 8.P.2A.7 Use mathematical and computational thinking to describe the relationship between the speed and velocity (including positive and negative expression of direction) of an object in determining average speed (v=d/t)

46. Average Speed Average Speed can be calculated by dividing the total distance the object travels by the total amount of time it takes to travel that distance Speed of the object may vary during the total time it is moving, the average speed is the result of the total distance divided by the total time taken. Speed Measurements contain a unit of distance divided by a unit of time Mph, Miles per Hour, Meter per second, m/s

47. Average Speed can be calculated using the formula v=d/t V is the average speed D is the total distance or length of the path T is time taken to cover the path Speed cannot have a negative value Velocity refers to both speed and direction of an object A velocity value should have both speed units and direction units If an object is moving forward, it has positive velocity If an object is moving backwards it has negative velocity Still a positive number